Cell Structure and Function Chapter Outline Cell theory Properties common to all cells Cell size and shape – why are cells so small? Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells Organelles and structure in all eukaryotic cell Organelles in plant cells but not animal Cell junctions History of Cell Theory mid 1600s – Anton van Leeuwenhoek Improved microscope‚ observed many living cells mid 1600s – Robert Hooke Observed many cells including cork cells 1850 – Rudolf Virchow
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to as the "Microtubule organizing center" it’s looks like a small body near the nucleus having a dense center and radiating tubules‚ here in the centrosome is where the microtubules are made. Chloroplast is a CD shaped organelle that holds the plants chlorophyll‚ Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast. Cytoplasm is a jell like material outside the cell nucleus which all the cell’s organelles are located. Golgi body also called "Golgi apparatus" is a flat organelle that may resemble a stack
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Cell Respiration & Photosynthesis BIO STUDY GUIDE (Ch. 9.1-9.5‚ 10.1-10.3) I) CELLULAR RESPIRATION A) Catabolic Pathways A.1) Fermentation: partial degradation of sugar that occurs w/o oxygen A.2) Cellular Respiration: oxygen is used A.3) Redox Reactions (Oxidation-Reduction that exchanges electrons) Oxidation: loss of electrons (energy must be added) Reduction: addition of electrons. (-) charged electrons added to atom reduce amount of (+) charge of that atom A.4) Stepwise Energy Harvest
Free Photosynthesis Cellular respiration Adenosine triphosphate
Cell Structure - Cell Organelles 1. What is cell theory? Cell theory asserts that the cell is the constituent unit of living beings. Before the discovery of the cell‚ it was not recognized that living beings were made of building blocks like cells. The cell theory is one of the basic theories of Biology. 2. Are there living beings without cells? Viruses are considered the only living beings that do not have cells. Viruses are constituted by genetic material (DNA or RNA) enwrapped by a protein
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Comparison of Plant and Animal Cells Introduction Eukaryotic cells are very complex; there are many organelles‚ each serving a distinct function‚ present in eukaryotic cells. We can divide the eukaryotic group of cells in to two main groups‚ according to the presence of these membrane bound organelles‚ and the structural differences amongst the cells and their organelles. The two groups of eukaryotic cells are plant and animal cells. Nucleus The reason that plant and animal cells are not divided
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Surrounded by two membranes Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis? Chloroplast Microtubules are associated with ______. Flagella‚ chromosome movement‚ cell shape‚ and cilia Tobacco smokers (and those exposed to tobacco smoke) are at greater risk of an ectopic (tubal) pregnancy. Based on your understanding of the structures
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attached after they divide. Spirogyra can become so numerous they form dense mats of growth in surfaces of ponds‚ which is called pond scum. This pond scum is interesting to see through a microscope. The chloroplasts from squeezed green algae have many distinct shapes. In Spirogyra the chloroplast runs through the cell like a helix. Most green algae have flagellate cells during the life cell cycle‚ which a few of them are non-motile. The first organization for motility in green algae is unicellular
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Phenotype Hypothesis Testing Hypothesis The lack of chlorophyll in kidney beans is due to the environment. Presence of chlorophyll in plants Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in the cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of algae and plants. Chlorophyll is an extremely important biomolecule critical in photosynthesis‚ allowing plants to absorb energy from lights. Chlorophyll is present in specialised cells within plants and many algae‚ when sunlight is present‚ chlorophyll combines it with water
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How light intensity effects the Rate of photo synthesis. Aim The aim of my experiment is to find out how light intensity affects the rate of photosynthesis. Prediction I predict that as the light intensity increases that the rate of photosynthesis will increase in proportion‚ so for example if you increase the light intensity from 10cm away to 20 cm away form a stationary plant. There for the rate of photosynthesis will decrease proportionally with the distance of the light from the plant (in
Free Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide Light
activities‚ which include growth‚ intermediary metabolism‚ protein synthesis‚ and reproduction (cell division). Chloroplasts Contain a green pigment known as chlorophyll which absorbs light energy (needed in the plants food making process of photosynthesis.) It does this by converting the water and carbon dioxide‚ found in the cell‚ into sugars and carbohydrates. Therefore the chloroplasts covert light energy into chemical energy. Permanent vacuole Large liquid filled (cell sap) storage containers
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