effect of different organic solvents‚ such as alcohol and paraffin oil‚ on the cell membrane of the beetroot by using the red pigments in the beetroot as indicator. Hypothesis: Organic solvents dissolve the organic matter in the cell membrane (such as phospholipids). This destroys the cell membrane‚ and the permeability of the cell membrane is disrupted casing red pigments to leak out by diffusion. Biological principle: The cell membrane is mainly made up of phospholipids and proteins. The phospholipid
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This experiment focused on extracting and separating pigments of Chloroplast. For the procedure green leaves were grinded in a mortar with some chemicals and the fluid was filtrated to use for further analysis. Stripes of this solution were put on a filter paper and later‚ after dried placed into a beacon of solvent. After this the chloroplast pigments were separated by the solvent into groups of more or less soluble pigments. Aim How many pigment types are present in a green leaf? It is hoped to
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TITLE Crime and Dye Lab Special Projects 1 Martin Enem LAB SECTION: BB2 INTRODUCTION Light is usually viewed as a result of the heating of a substance. The higher the temperature at which the substance is heated‚ the greater the vibrations that lead to certain light intensity given off by the molecule. It is this same theory that suggests why steel glows red hot when heated to high enough temperatures. The process of light emissions can also be induces through other means. 1 One
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geochemistry has played an important role in many areas of exploration and production for fossil fuels. Many of the more recent developments can be seen to have developed in parallel with developments in analytical chemistry such as gas chromatography and gas chromatography−mass spectrometry. For the past two decades such analytical techniques have been used to search for trace amounts of compounds known as biomarkers present in oils and source rock extracts which can be used to provide valuable information
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Analysis: 1. What volume of ammonium sulphate was required to give rise to precipitation? Tube 1: 5.5mls of (NH₄)₂SO₄ was required to give rise to precipitation. 5.5ml/20ml *100% = 27.5% Tube 2: 6.7mls of (NH₄)₂SO₄ was required to give rise to precipitation. 6.7ml/20ml *100% = 33.5% Tube 3: 5.6mls of (NH₄)₂SO₄ was required to give rise to precipitation. 5.6ml/20ml *100% = 28.0% Tube 4: 6.2mls of (NH₄)₂SO₄ was required to give rise to precipitation. 6.2ml/20ml *100% = 30.5% 1. From the
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3.13 Test for Saponin glycosides 2g of dried plant powder add 5ml of distill water shake vigorously. Persistent of foam indicate the presence of saponin glycosides. 3.14 Test for Steroids (Salkowski’s test) 5ml of test solution add with 2ml of Chloroform and then Conc. H2SO4 sides of the test tubes. The appearance of color at the interface indicates the presence of steroids. 3.15 Experimental Procedure for preliminary Phytochemical studies (Brindha et al.‚ 1981) S. No Name of the Test
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BRIEF INTRODUCTION: Beetroot cells contain a red pigment stored in the cell vacuole in the membrane to prevent leaking out from the cell. In this experiment we used several solvents to calculate which one made the cell release more pigment. RESULTS: A table showing the results of the intensity of the color and the absorbance of the liquids with the different solvents. Solvent Results from colorimeter 0.001 Acid (Hydrochloric) 0.358 Ethanol 0.132 Hot water 0.984 Cold water-distilled
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Medicinal Plants Introduction Introduction “In All things there is a poison‚ and there is nothing without a poison. It depends on only upon the dose whether a poison is a poison or not”---------Paracelsus (1493?-1541‚ Switzerland) Chinese saying “Shi Yao San Fei Du” means “Any drugs have toxic effects”. Introduction: Why Study Medicinal Plants Medicinal plants and religions • Medicinal plants have played an essential role in the development of human culture‚ for example religions
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regulators and food producers to protect consumers from natural food toxins‚ consumption of small levels of these materials is unavoidable. The countries across the globe mostly prefer GC-MS and LC-MS (Gas/liquid chromatography-Mass spectrometry) for detecting food toxins. In chromatography‚ the difference in the chemical properties among molecules in a mixture promotes separation of the molecules. On the other hand‚ mass spectrometer captures‚ ionizes‚ accelerates‚ deflects‚ and detects the ionized
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medicinal chemicals in the world were developed from isolation of the natural source. These sources were from fungi‚ plants‚ bacteria‚ animals‚ etc. The techniques used to isolate and purify has been by extraction‚ distillation‚ recrystallization‚ and chromatography. In this experiment we will be trying to obtain a pure organic compound from a natural source. Because this natural source it is not only trimyristin and myristic acid that makes it up‚ it’s a mixture of many compounds. Although nutmeg is one
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