tested for by a possible employer include Cocaine (crack)‚ Amphetamines (crystal)‚ Opiates (codeine‚ morphine‚ heroin)‚ PCP (phencyclidine)‚ and Marijuana. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry is used to test hair and urine samples of possible drug abusers or job applicants‚ and it is the best method for the testing of drug use. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry are two different methods for identifying chemical substances‚ and the two instruments have be coupled together to perform a highly complementary
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Separations: Chromatography of M&M and Ink Dyes Almost all substances we come into contact with on a daily basis are impure; that is‚ they are mixtures. Similarly‚ compounds synthesized in the chemical laboratory are rarely produced pure. As a result‚ a major focus of research in chemistry is designing methods of separating and identifying components of mixtures. Many separation methods rely on physical differences between the components of a mixture. For example‚ filtration takes advantage of substances
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Alkenes from Alcohols: Analysis of a Mixture by Gas Chromatography Aim: To analyze a mixture of alkenes by gas chromatography. Introduction: In this lab‚ we specifically used elimination reaction; however we only used the E1 reaction. In the presence of strong acids‚ alcohols protonate to form a good leaving group‚ namely water. Upon loss of a proton to a good leaving group‚ an introduction of unsaturation (a double bond) can be preformed. According to Wikipedia‚ an E2 reaction is typically
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Report ROOM NO: FE E309 EXPERIMENT NO : 8 TITLE : Thin Layer Chromatography of Food Dyes Submitted by Class Partners Instructor : Lyndsay Grover : BIOL 10000 lab. : Awatif Hagelamin : Farag Soliman Date lab performed : February 3‚ 2011 Date of submission : February 10‚ 2011 FENNELL CAMPUS HAMILTON‚ ONTARIO 1/3 Purpose: The purpose of this experiment was to observe the reactions of food dyes with thin layer chromatography paper in order to find the components of an unknown solution
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Separation of Amino Acids by Cation Exchange Chromatography Introduction and Purpose: Amino acids are small biomolecules that have a carboxylic acid backbone in common‚ as well as an amino group attached to a saturated carbon. There are many amino acids‚ but there are 20 most commonly know amino acids. Amino acids are the fundamenta building blocks of other biomolecules like proteins and ezymes (Davidson‚ 2015). This experiment examined a mixture of 3 amino acids. The purpose of this experiment
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Mobile liquid phase is always passed stationary phase during chromatography. Developed TLC plate is then observed under short wave ultraviolet light‚ where most TLC plates contain fluorescent mixed with silica gel that allow to glow green color. Compounds will absorb the UV light and appear as dark spot against the green color TLC plate. In a column chromatography‚ cotton and sand is placed in purpose of holding silica gel and prevent leakage of adsorbent particles
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mobile phase can be liquid‚ gas‚ or supercritical fluid. How Does Chromatography Work? Chromatography is a surface effect. It works by first starting off with an unidentified liquid being injected into a column. As the chemicals in the liquid move down the column‚ they separate depending on their physical and chemical attributes‚ such as speed and weight. To easily picture the process‚ the example will pertain to a paper chromatography process in which the liquid is moving over the paper‚ separating
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Analysis of Essential Oils using Gas Chromatography Lyndon Justin T. Guzman Institute of Chemistry‚ University of the Philippines‚ Diliman‚ Quezon City Date Performed: February 2; February 4‚ 2011 Date Submitted: February 18‚ 2011 Abstract The purpose of this experiment is to isolate the essential oil from eucalyptus leaves as a pure compound; moreover‚ the components of the essential oil‚ camphor and limonene‚ will be then separated using gas chromatography technique‚ identify the components by
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Column and Thin Layer Chromatography Beverly Abstract: Plant pigments were separated and concentrated from a crude spinach extract through the use of column chromatography and an eluatropic series of hexanes‚ hexane/acetone‚ and methanol. The pigments were analyzed using thin layer chromatography with a 30% ethyl acetate/hexane developing solvent. Introduction: Chromatography is a technique used to separate a mixture of two or more components based on
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CHROMATOGRAPHY _TOPIC_ : 7.2 _RESEARCH QUESTION:_ What is chromatography? How many pigments are there in a plant? How the different pigments in a plant can be separated? _APPARATUS_ : Please refer to the handout _MATERIAL_ : Please refer to the handout _METHOD_ : Please refer to the handout _DATA COLLECTION_: Coloured band Pigment front distance (± 0.05cm) Solvent front distance (± 0.05cm) Green 11.7 13.0 Yellow 12.5 13.0 _DATA PROCESSING_: Coloured band Pigment
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