WHAT IS A CELL? It is the smallest unit of life that is classified as a living thing‚ and is often called the building block of life. The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all known living organisms. Some organisms are unicellular (made of only one cell) while others are multicellular (made up of several cells). The word cell comes from the Latin cellula‚ meaning‚ a small room. The term was coined by Robert Hooke in a book he published in 1665 when he compared the cork cells he
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cells: 1. While Prokaryotes contain just one copy of each gene‚ eukaryotic cells have two. For such reason‚ prokaryotes are known as haploid and eukaryotic as diploid. 2. While Prokaryotes see some nonessential genes being encoded into extra-chromosomal plasmids‚ such activity is typically absent in Eukaryotic cells. 3. The own way DNA is present in each type of cell has different characteristics: Prokaryotes have small‚ efficient amounts of DNA‚ while Eukaryotes contain large and repetitive amounts
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the skin test reactivity‚ the test for allergies by scratching the skin with chemicals of allergens. He speaks of the relatedness threw the similarities that they all share in chromosomal sites in atopy and asthma. It was also recorded in his research that even their phenotypes show similarities in different chromosomal areas. Blumenthal states that the explanation behind this is that both asthma and atopy are phylogenetic‚ meaning that they both need multiple genes to function. Giving an example
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Learning Objectives: What is evolution and phylogeny? Evolution and microbial phylogeny How do we measure or analyse it? What are the underlying mechanisms? How did it all start? Torsten Thomas t.thomas@unsw.edu.au Learning Objectives: What is evolution and phylogeny? How do we measure or analyse it? What are the underlying mechanisms? How did it all start? Evolution & Phylogeny Evolution: the process by which organisms become distinct from their ancestors. Phylogeny: the
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the human body contains a total of 46 chromosomes‚ 22 of the pairs are the same for both sexes‚ but the final pair determines whether the individual is female or male. If the embryo is a female the chromosomal pattern will be XX‚ but if the embryo is male the chromosomal pattern will be XY. The chromosomal make-up of the sperm that fertilises the egg determines an individual’s sex. If the sperm carries an X chromosome‚ the embryo will be female‚ but if the sperm carries a Y chromosome the embryo will
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transfer of a small region‚ that means the transfer can go over smoother and faster. Specialized transduction is also very helpful source of DNA for the chromosomal region carried by the phage. This means DNA can be extracted and tested more efficiently. Also in specialized transduction it can often be used to select for deletion of some of the chromosomal genes carried on the phage. This means that sometimes unwanted genes can be deleted during transduction and make for an overall better cycle.
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Multiple-Choice Questions 1. Chromosomes other than those involved in sex determination are known as a. nucleosomes b. heterosomes c. alleles d. autosomes e. liposomes Section: 11.1 Bloom’s: knowledge Ans: d 2. Sex chromosomes a. determine sex b. vary from one sex to another c. carry some genes that have nothing to do with sex d. were unknown to Mendel e. all of these Section: 11.1 Bloom’s: knowledge Ans: e 3. Which of the following designates a normal human female?
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of the Study This study evaluates the genotoxicity‚ and teratogenicity/antiteratogenicity of the methanol leaf extracts of Tamarindus indica (TE). In particular‚ the study aims to: determine the genotoxicity of TE in terms of: mitotic index chromosomal aberrations micronuclei formation assess the developmental toxicity and teratogenicity potential of TE to zebrafish embryos; and verify the potential of TE to rescue zebrafish embryos from ethanol-induced teratogenicity. Place and Time of Study:
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Name___________________________________ Score________________ Section___________________________________ Date_________________ EXERCISE NO. 1a MITOSIS OBJECTIVES The students should be able to: 1. identify the different steps involved in mitosis and meiosis; 2. describe the behavior of the chromosomes during each stage of cell division; 3. identify specific events in mitosis and meiosis that allow the inheritance of traits and generation of variation. MATERIALS
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radicals Discuss how calcium ion influx cause cell injury Cell injury cell injury results when cells are stressed so severely that they are no longer able to adapt or when cells are exposed to inherently damaging agents or suffer from intrinsic abnormalities. Injury may progress through a reversible stage and culminate in cell death Reversible cell injury. In early stages or mild forms of injury‚ the functional and morphologic changes are reversible if the damaging stimulus is removed.
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