Chapter 15 The chromosomal basis of inheritance Key ideas: 1) Mendelian Inheritance has its physical basis in the behavior of chromosomes during sexual life-cycle. 2) Morgan traced a gene to a specific chromosome. 3) Linked genes tend to be inherited together because they are located on the same gene. 4) Independent assortment of chromosomes and crossing over produce genetic recombinants. 5) Geneticists use recombination data to map a chromosome’s genetic locus. 1900 Biology finally
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Mitosis is a process by which a cell divides to form two daughter cells. They each have the same exact number and kind of chromosomes as the parent cell. Meiosis occurs in the primary sex cells leading to the formation of viable egg and sperm cells. They reduce the number of chromosomes to half in each gamete so that when they are getting furtilized‚ the species chromosome number is kept even. Mitosis happens in the reproduction of unicellular organisms and in the addition of cells to a tissue
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Jamila Bass 814000008 BIOL 1364 Tutorial 1 (Thursday 4:00-5:00 pm) 1. The basic chromosome number (x) refers to the number of chromosomes that are different and separate from all other chromosomes in that organism. The organism may contain one or more sets of this basic chromosome number. The haploid number (n) therefore refers to a single basic chromosome set and are typically found in the gametes of an organism. 2. Mendel’s principles of inheritance suggests that the inheritance of the traits
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have 23 pairs of chromosomes. A karyotype is an ordered display of the paired of chromosomes from a cell. The 2 chromosomes in each pair are called homologous chromosomes or homologs. The sex chromosomes are X and Y. Human females have a homologous pair of X chromosomes (XX). Human males have one X and Y chromosome. The 22 pairs of chromosomes that do not determine sex are called autosomes. Each pair of homologous chromosomes includes one chromosome from each parent. The 46 chromosomes in a human somatic
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been replicated and forms chromosomes made of 2 identical chromatids * Homologous chromosomes line up to form a bivalent‚ 2 chromosomes or 4 chromatids (TETRAD)‚ this process is called SYNAPSIS * Where chromatids overlap is called a CHIASMATA‚ and it allows for CROSSING OVER of genetic information between chromosomes Metaphase I: - homologous chromosomes (4 chromatids) line up on the equator Anaphase I: - homologous chromosomes separate and each chromosome (2 chromatids) move towards
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Meiosis reduces the number of chromosomes in a cell by one half. When fertilization occurs‚ the number of chromosomes is reestablished with genetic information. Meiosis allows for genetic variation in offspring by combining different combinations of genes in gametes. If meiosis did not occur‚ then chromosomes would be doubled when gametes are fused. Sometimes meiosis does not properly occur‚ causing an egg or sperm to have the incorrect number of chromosomes. This is known as an abnormality
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Lab Report №3 Title:Observing Mitosis By Yerkebulan Yesbolatov Biology course‚ tutorial group I October 18‚ 2012 Lab partner: Azhar Zhaisanova Introduction Experiment is intend to show mitotic stage of cell cycle‚ phases of mitotic stage‚ to define predominance in the number of each phases over the others‚ if it is possible. Objectivity of lab is to observe the different phases
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Sordaria was able undergo sexual reproduction allowing for the creation of a diploid organism. The crossing of a wildtype and mutant fungi will further exhibit whether or not recombination occurred. Recombination is important because it ensures that chromosomes exchange segments resulting with genetically unique gametes. This process is important for generating diversity in life and aiding in evolution. Materials and Methods The materials used in the lab were two agar petri plates‚ a permanent marker
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humans‚ all cells (except eggs and sperm) contain 46 chromosomes. This diploid chromosomal number represents two complete (or nearly complete) sets of genetic instructions - one from the egg and the other from the sperm. At fertilization‚ the chromosomes for the same traits pair up (homologous chromosomes) (1)______Allele_____ - genes (Gene - segment of DNA that codes for single protein) coding for the same traits on each pair of homologous chromosomes. The alleles may be identical or different. (2)____Homozygous__________-
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and female gametes (eggs) to form zygotes. Asexual reproduction involves a type of cell division known as mitosis. Mitosis is the scientific term for nuclear cell division‚ where the nucleus of the cell divides‚ resulting in two sets of identical chromosomes. Mitosis is accompanied by cytokinesis in which the end result is two completely separate cells called daughter cells. There are four phases of mitosis: prophase‚ metaphase‚ anaphase and telophase. The active sites of cell division in plants are
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