study of the skin and its diseases‚ in the widest sense‚ and some cosmetic problems of the skin‚ scalp‚ hair‚ and nails. The term Cardiology derives from the Greek word Kardia – heart‚ specifically the human heart. It is the study of the human heart‚ treatments of congenital heart defects‚ coronary artery disease‚ heart failure‚ valvular heart disease‚ electrophysiology. Radiology is a study that encompasses the whole body by the use of imaging to both treat and diagnose diseases. By use of X-ray‚ ultrasound
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Glomerulonephritis and Glomerulosclerosis of Kidneys and Nursing Considerations Mark Greiner Liberty University Abstract Glomerulosclerosis or nephropathy is a major cause of chronic kidney disease that can lead to future total kidney failure. One of precursors is glomerulonephritis‚ this inflammation of the glomeruli has many possible causes. People with either type of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus are at higher risk. A clinical indicator of early glomerulosclerosis is a change in renal function
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treatments. Oedema which is the medical term for fluid retention in the body and it is one of the signs and symptoms of kidney dysfunction‚ which is caused by the imbalance of water within the body e.g. a build-up of fluid causes affected tissue to become swollen and this can occur in one particular part of our bodies and this is usually the case with Oedema that occurs as a result of Kidney failure. Oedema is quite common in elderly people as gravity draws water to the lower parts of the body and this
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Breast cancer will met to the bone and brain lung and liver Risk factors: menarche b4 12 menopause after 55 obesity high fat diet family hist 1st degree relative birth of 1st child after 30 birth control pills and hrt ( Dr should be notified cause can make breast dense and harder to image) S/S: lumps in breast increased vascularity breast pain or soreness nipple retraction or ulceration Screening: breast self exam 7-10 days after menses
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CHRONIC DISEASES A chronic disease is an illness that is prolonged in duration‚ does not spontaneously resolve‚ and is usually not cured completely. Examples of chronic diseases are rheumatoid arthritis‚ lung cancer‚ and heart disease. Heart disease is an illness that involves the blockage or narrowing of the blood vessels. It is the leading cause of death in the US with approximately 81.1 million people‚ or one in every three adults living with heart disease. The illness causes swelling in feet
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A combination of garlic and telmisartan protects against unilateral ischemia/reperfusion-induced kidney injury in obese rats Obese patients encounter higher frequency and severity of acute kidney injury (AKI) than lean ones. Telmisartan is used experimentally in ischemia/reperfusion (IR)-induced AKI. However‚ there is a lack of evidence regarding its beneficial effects on AKI in obese animals. The present study‚ therefore‚ aimed to explore the protective effect of garlic and telmisartan against renal
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▪Secondary glomerular diseases that can have systemic effects include lupus erymatosus‚ Goodpasture’s syndrome (caused by antibodies to the glomerular basement membrane)‚ diabetic glomerulosclerosis and amyloidosis. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ▪Kidneys are reduced to as little as one-fifth their normal size (consisting largely of fibrous tissue). ▪The cortex layer shrinks to 1-2mm in thickness or less. ▪Bands of scar tissue distort the remaining cortex‚ making the surface of the kidney rough and irregular
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cause a failure would be impaired blood flow to the kidney. Ways this could happen could be: blood or fluid loss blood pressure medications‚ heart attack‚ heart disease‚ infection‚ liver failure‚ use of aspirin‚ ibuprofen (Advil‚ Motrin IB‚ others)‚ naproxen (Aleve‚ others) or related drugs‚ severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis)‚ severe burns‚ or severe dehydration. Another way renal failure could occur is if there is direct damage to the kidney. Examples of this could include: blood clots in the
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a. Data that are most relevant to the case and situation of the patient include weight gain of 12 ibs‚ blood pressure of 150/88 mm Hg and bilateral ankle edema. The possible cause of the the patient’s symptoms include underlying causes like kidney diseases‚ renal ischemia or heart failure‚ obesity or being overweight‚ old age‚ varicosities and tight clothing. b. These are the nursing priorities in the management of the patient’s bilateral ankle edema : • Administer diuretics • Limit fluid intake
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hemodialysis‚ protein requirements are anything equal to or greater than 1.2 g/kg. CKD patients who have started hemodialysis are allowed more protein due to the fact that dialysis helps to eliminate excess nitrogenous waste from the body that the kidneys are no longer able to do. The protein requirements are higher than healthy individuals to ensure that muscle wasting does not occur. CKD patients or any ill patient needs to ensure that they are receiving enough energy and protein for muscle maintenance
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