test equipment used to determine if an electrical path can be established between two points; that is if an electrical circuit can be made. The circuit under test is completely de-energized prior to connecting the tester. The tester consists of an indicator in series with a source of electrical power - normally a battery‚ terminating in two test leads. If a complete circuit is established between the test-leads‚ the indicator is activated (the indicator may be an electric light or a buzzer)
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A clamper is an electronic circuit that fixes either the positive or the negative peak excursions of a signal to a defined value by shifting its DC value. The clamper does not restrict the peak-to-peak excursion of the signal‚ it moves the whole signal up or down so as to place the peaks at the reference level. A diode clamp (a simple‚ common type) consists of a diode‚ which conducts electric current in only one direction and prevents the signal exceeding the reference value; and a capacitor which
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FUNDAMENTALS OF BUSINESS TO BUSINESS MARKETING Business-to-business (B2B) describes commerce transactions between businesses‚ such as between a manufacturer and a wholesaler‚ or between a wholesaler and a retailer. Contrasting terms are business-to-consumer (B2C) and business-to-government (B2G). B2B (Business to Business) Branding is a term used in marketing. The volume of B2B (Business-to-Business) transactions is much higher than the volume of B2C transactions. The primary reason
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that any resistive circuit or network‚ no matter how complex‚ can be represented as a voltage source in series with a source resistance. It is used to simplify the load analysis of series-parallel circuits. 2. What is VTH ? How is it measured? Thevenin voltage. In a series-parallel circuit is the voltage present at the output terminals of the circuit when the load is removed. Even though it has a new name VTH is nothing more than the no-load output voltage VNL for the circuit. Vth can be found
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the cost and also require complicated interfacing circuitry around it. But this smoke alarm circuit uses readily available photon-coupled interrupter module as smoke detector. The functioning of this smoke alarm is to continuously detect smoke and automatically activate the alarm in case of dense smoke. Loud sound is heard continuously indicating the presence of smoke till smoke clears. After this‚ the circuit is automatically reset for further detection of smoke provided it is kept in power ON condition
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Report‚ 2014-2017 Summary Electronic Chemicals refer to a variety of chemicals and materials used in electronic components‚ printed circuit boards‚ consumer electronics and other industrial products. This report focuses on analyzing photoresist & its special chemicals and capacitor chemicals as well as maleic anhydride derivatives used in printed circuit boards‚ flat panel displays and semiconductors. 1 Photoresist Photoresist is mainly used for fine graphics processing in PCB‚ LCD‚ semiconductor
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Now-a-days every institution needs automation. As a part of college automation‚ we have decided to do a project “voice interactive system for college automation”. Our project allows the user to know the student’s attendance and marks quickly through the telephone line without the intention of the college authority. In the hardware side embedded system has been used. The microcontroller controls the whole
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Industrial Research (CSIR)‚ a premier technical body. y minor project in the 3rd year of my undergrad program on Infrared Remote Control Switch involving design/realization of the circuit for controlling electrical home appliances using IR sensors in an operating range of 10 meters gave me a hands-on experience in circuit design and analysis. My projects on Temperature Controlled clothing‚ Image / Signal processing and the final year project on Automatic Number Plate Recognition strengthened my knowledge
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the challenges immigrants have to face when they migrate to another country. Learning a new language it’s difficult and frustrating as well as communicating with one another and understanding what other people are trying to say. In the story The Circuit‚ by Francisco Jimenez we saw how the protagonist‚ Panchito struggles on his first day of school. He is not able to talk and interact with other students because he didn’t know how to speak their language. As an immigrant‚ when I just came to this
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To generate the control signals we have developed a DTMF Transmitter (Tx.)/ Receiver (Rx.) circuit. To generate DTMF signals we have used UM91214 DTMF generator which sends DTMF signals to the FM Tx. This FM Tx. in turn sends signals to FM Rx. Presently we have developed the system for a range of 1 km and tested up to 100 m‚ but it could easily be extended. At the receiving end we have standard FM Rx circuit which receives the DTMF and sends to DTMF decoder IC CM8870. The output of the CM8870 is in
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