Working Paper No. 13902 March 2008‚ September 2008 JEL No. F15‚F21‚F31 ABSTRACT This paper investigates the changing pattern and efficacy of sterilization within emerging market countries as they liberalize markets and integrate with the world economy. We estimate the marginal propensity to sterilize foreign asset accumulation associated with net balance of payments inflows‚ across countries and over time. We find that the extent of sterilization of foreign reserve inflows has risen in recent
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Economies of scale are the cost advantages that a business can exploit by expanding their scale of production. The effect of economies of scale is to reduce the average (unit) costs of production. Economies of scale‚ in microeconomics‚ refers to the cost advantages that an enterprise obtains due to expansion. There are factors that cause a producer’s average cost per unit to fall as the scale of output is increased. "Economies of scale" is a long run concept and refers to reductions in unit cost
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Equity Method If owned shares are 25% or more then Significant influence so Equity Method is used eg. Take 25% of income Investment Income = Less % of Dividends Paid + % of Net Income + Impairment Calculation + Amortization of Excess Payment of FV of Assets Note: Do not record Share Price Increase or Decrease 2013-24‚ 2013M1-31‚ 2008-82 Co. Q’s share of the excess of fair value over book value of the asset should be amortized over the life of the asset and charged
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| 1‚611.3 | 1‚510.9 | Proportion | 28.2% | 25.0% | 23.6% | 23.4% | 20.0% | 23.7% | According to Figure 1‚ AHP’s cash was about 23% of total assets‚ rose constantly since 1978 to 1981‚ and reached 28.2% in 1981; thus‚ it has enough cash flow to finance its daily operation. Also‚ return on assets can show that a firm’s ability to cover its operating cost by generating income. According to the calculation below‚ American Home Products Corporation’s ROA was stable and approximately 19
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CONTENT 1) INTRODUCTION 2) TYPE OF ECONOMY 3) GOVERNMENT 4) QUICK FACTS 5) WHY GERMANY? 6) SOURCE INTRODUCTION Germany has always been a driver‚ innovator‚ and beneficiary of an globalised economy. The country consists of 16 states‚ and its capital city is Berlin. Germany has the fifth-largest GDP in 2012. Germany is the worlds third largest exporter with $1.4 trillion exported in 2011. Germany is a key member of the continent’s economic‚ political‚ and
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almost six years‚ the world economy has entered a period of uncertainty due to a financial turmoil triggered by the subprime mortgage crisis in the United States of America (USA). During 2002 to 2007‚ the world economic growth averaged 4.5 percent per annum compared to 3 percent in the 1990s. The sudden gloom in world economic prospects has come as a surprise in view of the persistent economic growth and stability. The crisis initially affected advanced economies and then its contagion spread
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What is largely fueling the underground economy‚ experts say‚ is the nation’s swelling ranks of low-wage illegal immigrants. The government puts this population at 8.5 million‚ but that may represent a serious undercount. Robert Justich‚ a senior managing director at Bear Stearns Asset Management in New York‚ makes a persuasive case in a forthcoming paper‚ "The Underground Labor Force Is Rising to the Surface‚" that illegal immigrants actually number 18 million to 20 million. If true‚ the economic
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standby arrangement in late 1996 because of government steps to the negative external conditions generated by the Asian and Russian financial export and currency controls within its already largely closed economy. Economic policies that have repelled foreign investment are a major factor in the economy ’s stagnation. A growing debt burden‚ persistent inflation‚ and a poor business climate led to disappointing growth in 2001. However‚ in December 2001 the government voiced a renewed interest in
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Open and Closed Source Systems June 24‚ 2013 Open and Closed Source System What Open Source Means Open-Source means it is free. No one owns it‚ so there is no source code‚ no key code‚ and no licensing to purchase. When Linus Torvalds created Linux‚ he determined that the more people or‚ the more minds delving into the software can make the system more creative‚ more improved‚ and the possibilities are endless. Thus‚ he gave Linux to the world as a free open-source operating system ("Damicon;
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I hope this is what you are looking for... good luck with it. A.) --WATER FLOW IN PLANT: Can water travel through plant stems? MATERIALS: graduated one liter bottle‚1 white carnation with long stem‚ 2 glasses‚ red and blue food coloring PROCEDURE: 1. Pour 500 ml of water into each glass. 2. Add three or four drops of food coloring to each glass. Be sure the color is dark. Add more food coloring if necessary. 3. Very carefully cut the stem in half along the length of the stem from the bottom
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