and (Z) isomers of α-phenylcinnamic acid. This was accomplished by refluxing benzaldehyde‚ phenylacetic acid‚ acetic anhydride and triethylamine as a base. The chemical equation of a Perkin Reaction can be seen below. The reaction mechanism for the synthesis of α-phenylcinnamic acid is shown below: Results: Theoretical Yield Therefore‚ phenylacetic acid is the limiting reagent. Table 1. Literature and actual IR values of (E) and (Z) isomers of α-phenylcinnamic acid. Compound
Premium Functional group Acetic acid Solvent
finished‚ submit this assignment to your teacher by the due date for full credit. (7 points) Score 1. What is an isomer? How many possible isomers of heptane are there? What are the structural differences between these isomers? Answer: Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but have a different atom arrangement‚ as well as different properties. Heptane has 9 possible isomers; all of them have different connectivity‚ different branching. Event though they share the same molecular formula
Premium
Comparison of Three Isomers of Butanol Introduction An alcohol’s reactivity is determined based on the attachment of their hydroxyl functional group. The location of this hydroxyl functional group will impact the molecular structure of the alcohol‚ making it either primary (1° )‚ secondary (2° )‚ or tertiary (3° ). The purpose of this experiment is to observe and predict the reactions that take place between all three alcohols and an oxidizing agent‚ as well as to test our theories of how the
Premium Alcohol
Stereochemistry of Butenedioic Acid Objective: To study the interconversion of two geometric isomers‚ maleic acid (cis isomer) to fumaric acid (trans isomers)‚ the differences in physical properties between this pair of cis-trans isomers and determine the stereochemistry of addition of bromine to butenedioic acid. Chemicals and Apparatus: 2 grams of maleic acid‚ 10 cm3 of concentrated hydrochloric acid‚ 10 cm3 of bromine water[1]‚ one 50 cm3 beaker‚ one 100 cm3 beaker‚ one 250 cm3
Premium Carboxylic acid Hydrogen Chemistry
Addition of Bromine to trans-Cinnamic Acid Introduction/Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to carry out the bromination of trans-cinnamic acid‚ to determine the stereochemistry of the dibromide product of 2‚3-dibromo-3-phenylpropanoic acid‚ and find out whether the reaction proceeds by the usual bromonium ion mechanism or some other mechanism. In this experiment trans-cinnamic acid was mixed with glacial acetic acid and stirred in which then bromine/acetic acid solution was added to
Premium Carboxylic acid Acetic acid Vinegar
results did support the concept that as the carbon number increased so would the energy level. When comparing the energy levels of other isomers to straight chain alcohols‚ the graph shows the first part of the trend line for the other isomers to have a higher energy‚ while the less steep trend gradient means this switches over between 3 and 4 carbon‚ indicating that isomers with a carbon atom number greater than that will have increasingly lower enthalpy levels. This variance in results when performed
Premium Thermodynamics Chemical reaction Energy
I picked the second quote‚ “trans fats should not be banned. Consumers should make their own choices about what they eat. The government should educate the population about the risks of eating foods with Trans fats‚ but then let people make their own decisions.” The way I look at this situation is‚ we do a lot of bad things to our bodies. We eat fast food‚ sugars‚ drink alcohol and plenty more. Everything that we take into our body systems‚ has some type of effect on our bodies‚ whether it be causing
Premium Nutrition Food Health
The Increasing Enthalpy of Combustion Rates for Pentanol Isomers EEI Report Draft - JEREMY SAJU 11B Fuels are the main energy source of the modern world. The topic of this extended experimental investigation is to explore combustion rates of alcohols‚ specifically pentanol and it’s relationship with varying structural isomers. A fuel is defined as a material that stores potential energy that‚ when released‚ can be used as heat energy (Chemguide‚ 2003). The balanced combustion equation for pentanol
Premium Oxygen Petroleum Carbon dioxide
Purpose To test the reactions of primary‚ secondary‚ and tertiary alcohols with acid and with an oxidizing agent. Materials chemical safety goggles lab apron protective gloves test-tube rack eyedropper dropper bottles containing butan-1-ol butan-2-ol 2-methylpropan-2-ol potassium permanganate solution‚ KMnO4 (aq) (0.01 mol/L) concentrated hydrochloric acid‚ HCl (aq) (12 mol/L) (for teacher use only) Procedure 1) Put on your safety goggles‚ apron‚ and protective gloves.
Premium Potassium permanganate Alcohol Hydrochloric acid
Ban Trans-Fat Although fats are considered to be a part of our health‚ there are certain types that should be ignored. One of which has drawn controversial issues is trans-fat. Trans-fat is mostly found in many food sources such as vegetable oil‚ crackers‚ cookies and margarine. It increases blood levels of low density lipoprotein that is considered to be bad cholesterol‚ and decreases level of good cholesterol‚ high density lipoprotein. Trans-fat is created when oils are partially hydrogenated
Premium Nutrition Cholesterol