Define regulatory arbitrage. Briefly discuss the new capital buffer requirements proposed under Basel 3. Regulatory Arbitrage This is a practice whereby firms capitalize on loopholes in regulatory systems in order to circumvent unfavourable/unprofitable regulation. Arbitrage opportunities may be accomplished by a variety of tactics‚ including restructuring transactions‚ financial engineering and geographic relocation. For example‚ a company may relocate its headquarters to a country with lower tax rules and favourable regulatory policies to
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Journal of International Management 5 (1999) 167–186 The impact of emerging markets on staffing the global organization: A knowledge-based view Michael G. Harvey a‚*‚1‚ Cheri Speier b‚1‚ Milorad M. Novicevic a‚1 a Michael F. Price College of Business‚ University of Oklahoma‚ 307 West Brooks‚ Norman‚ OK 73019-4006‚ USA b Management Information Systems‚ The Eli Broad Graduate School of Management‚ Michigan State University‚ East Lansing‚ MI 48824‚ USA Abstract As organizations become
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intense competition and the dot com boom put pressure on Citibank and its competitors to transform their business in the new economy. In response to these challenges‚ Citibank made a serious push to deliver integrated solutions that would enable its corporate customers to conduct transactions on-line. Citibank’s e-business strategy – Connect‚ Transform and Extend – was to Web-enable its core services‚ develop integrated solutions‚ and reach new markets. The ultimate goal was to build a single Web-enabled
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October 04‚ 2010 Citibank: Performance Evaluation In 1996‚ Citibank was an emergent banking institution attempting to increase its market share in the competitive Los Angeles area. In order to do so‚ the bank’s strategy was to focus slightly less on their financial growth‚ and much more on providing “a high level of service to its customers”. Management viewed this paradigm shift as “critical to the long term success of the franchise”. To implement these changes‚ a new Citibank employee performance
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STRATEGIES FOR MARKET ENTRY: Fast Moving Consumer Goods Companies in Emerging Markets Mark Sorgenfrey Lasse Munch M.Sc. Strategy‚ Organisation and Leadership Academic advisor: Mai Skjøtt Linneberg Aarhus School of Business 2009 Abstract Multinational enterprises (MNEs) are increasing their presence in the lives of more and more consumers as companies seek to expand and promote their products to a still wider range of markets globally. As markets change and develop‚ so does the strategy used
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Harvard Business School 9-198-048 Rev. October 14‚ 1999 Citibank: Performance Evaluation Frits Seegers‚ President of Citibank California‚ was meeting with his management team to review the performance evaluation and bonus decisions for the California branch managers. James McGaran’s performance evaluation was next. Frits felt uneasy about this one. McGaran was manager of the most important branch in the Los Angeles area‚ and his financials were impressive. A year ago he would have
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I. Critical evaluation of Citibank performance evaluation form: Citibank corporate strategy: focused on combining excellent customer service strategy along with relationship banking to build a profitable competitive franchise. Customers were offered the convenience of choosing the type of service delivery‚ whether personal or remote. But as high end customers become more and more valuable to the bank‚ their service expectations also went up. Increased service demands included broad array of financial
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In contemporary society‚ emerging Markets (EM) are increasingly becoming the most important strength that could promote the development of the world economy. Broadly speaking‚ the term "emerging market" has been used mainly to refer to the developing world in Asia‚ Africa‚ and Latin America. (Mody，2004). Narrowly speaking‚ EM refers to the stock markets of developing countries. The purpose of this article is to further analyze the characteristics of emerging markets‚ I am going to focus on the broad
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A capital market is a market for securities (debt or equity)‚ where business enterprises (companies) and governments can raise long-term funds. It is defined as a market in which money is provided for periods longer than a year. Capital markets may be classified as primary markets and secondary markets. In primary markets‚ new stock or bond issues are sold to investors via a mechanism known as underwriting. In the secondary markets‚ existing securities are sold and bought among
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1. Analysis of Budget Process at Citibank Direction and control of Citibank’s international branches are conducted via two formal management processes. Each year‚ top management sets sovereign risk limits for its independent branches based on proposals by country managers. Country managers may choose to operate with self-imposed limits below this upper guideline. Following‚ there is the budget setting process‚ where headquarters only provides administrative guidelines but not specific targets‚ with
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