Explain the initial pairing of the banging bar and the rat in terms of learning through classical conditioning. What is unconditioned stimulus (US)‚ conditioned stimulus (CS)‚ and conditioned response (CR)? “Two months after pretesting‚ Albert was shown a white rat‚ and anytime Albert touched the rat‚ he was exposed to the sound of the hammer hitting a steel bar. After seven trials‚ Albert cried and demonstrated avoidance on presentation of the rat—the conditioned stimulus—in the absence of the loud
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Classical Conditioning: Pavlov’s Dogs Ivan Pavlov‚ PsyD Saint Petersburg State University Abstract During the 1980’s a Russian psychologist‚ Ivan Pavlov used some dogs which he attached to a device to hold it in place. He also had a bell‚ dog treats‚ and a wall that hid Pavlov from the dog’s view. During the experiment Pavlov would ring the bell and present the dogs with food to determine the dogs conditioned responses. After a period‚ the dogs began to connect hearing the bell with the presence
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conditioned to the point that by simply showing him the rat he would cry and want to crawl away. He knew that along with the rat‚ came the loud clanging noise‚ therefore he felt that by avoiding the rat‚ he would also be able to avoid the noise. “In classical conditioning‚ the unconditioned stimulus (US) is one that unconditionally‚ naturally‚ and automatically triggers a response” (Cherry). In this study‚ the unconditioned stimulus (US) is the noise of the banging bar. The conditioned stimulus (CS)
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1 Kate Woodford Modernity‚ Consumerism and ‘The Women’ In the 1920s‚ ‘modernity’ swept through America‚ with a enormous economic shift that transformed the pre world war one country from a society still rooted in a predominately agricultural small town past into the worlds primary industrialized urban nation with the formation of the city. It was through corporate capitalism‚ mass production and consumerism and the process of the mass media that this was done. Where Paris
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The first favorite part was the second part‚ the andantino. This was one of my favorites because of how beautiful it was. I enjoy slower classical music. I liked that it made me feel at ease and relaxed. The melody was simply and repetitive‚ but it reminded me of utter bliss. My second favorite part was the third part of the symphony‚ the scherzo. I fell in love with this part because it reminds
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Classical Hollywood narrative ’Classical Hollywood cinema possesses a style which is largely invisible and difficult for the average spectator to see. The narrative is delivered so effortlessly and efficiently to the audience that it appears to have no source. It comes magically off the screen.’ John Belton‚ film scholar‚ Rutgers University Classical Hollywood narrative refers to the filmmaking tradition established in Hollywood during the 1920s and 1930s. It became the dominant style throughout
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can have a regular plan‚" Vitruvius wrote in his famous treatise De Architectura. (www.historyguide/architecture.org) There is a comparison that can be made between building structures developed in the classical Greek and Ancient Roman civilizations and its majestic buildings and roads. Classical‚ Roman and Gothic architecture owe their structures to these civilizations and mostly all is reflected nowadays on the modern building styles. The first inhabitants of the Greek peninsula‚ who are believed
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betrayed its classical principles? Classical liberalism seeks to maximise the realm of unconstrained individual action‚ by establishing a minimal state and a reliance on market economics. These ideas developed a lot during the early industrialisation of the 19th century. Modern liberalism provides a qualified endorsement for social and economic intervention as a means of promoting personal development. These ideas were related to the further development of industrialisation. Classical liberals
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Learning refers to the process whereby experience produces a fairly lasting and adaptive change in behaviour (Passer et al.‚ 2009). Classical conditioning is the process of learning by association which signals the approaching arrival of a significant event. It involves pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus (US) that will elicit an unconditioned response (UR). With repeated pairings‚ the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus (CS) that evokes a conditioned response (CR)
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“Now make sure that you stay free‚ and don’t get tied up again in slavery to the law” (Galatians 5.1). Jesus’s words resonate with many individuals who support the growing ideology of classical liberalism and individualism. During the eighteenth century‚ the free market system principle of classical liberalism was emphasized. With enlightenment thinkers such as Adam Smith and John Locke‚ the Industrial Revolution boosted Britain’s uprising economy. Both enlightenment thinkers supported a society
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