Explain the initial pairing of the banging bar and the rat in terms of learning through classical conditioning. What is unconditioned stimulus (US)‚ conditioned stimulus (CS)‚ and conditioned response (CR)? “Two months after pretesting‚ Albert was shown a white rat‚ and anytime Albert touched the rat‚ he was exposed to the sound of the hammer hitting a steel bar. After seven trials‚ Albert cried and demonstrated avoidance on presentation of the rat—the conditioned stimulus—in the absence of the loud
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Classical Conditioning: Pavlov’s Dogs Ivan Pavlov‚ PsyD Saint Petersburg State University Abstract During the 1980’s a Russian psychologist‚ Ivan Pavlov used some dogs which he attached to a device to hold it in place. He also had a bell‚ dog treats‚ and a wall that hid Pavlov from the dog’s view. During the experiment Pavlov would ring the bell and present the dogs with food to determine the dogs conditioned responses. After a period‚ the dogs began to connect hearing the bell with the presence
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The New Classical Music Experience‚ an article written by Andrew Goldstein and published by The Huffington Post‚ proposed the idea of replacing ordinary concert halls with a more social setting in order to intrigue common listeners of classical music. Audiences would likely feel exhilarated to connect with classical music if they had a chance to personally communicate with the musicians and other members of the audience. Goldstein emphasizes that a profuse portion of individuals claim that they
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Whether it’s a music festival‚ DJ set‚ or classical concert‚ these musical experiences outline social experiences in everyday life. In Musicking: The Meanings of Performing and Listening‚ Christopher Small discusses the different types of appropriate behavior for various concert settings. Specifically‚ Small describes the classical music experience as a gathering of “middle-class white people” with posh etiquette and an interaction of consumers and producers. Many behaviors I observed at the Taiwan
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conditioned to the point that by simply showing him the rat he would cry and want to crawl away. He knew that along with the rat‚ came the loud clanging noise‚ therefore he felt that by avoiding the rat‚ he would also be able to avoid the noise. “In classical conditioning‚ the unconditioned stimulus (US) is one that unconditionally‚ naturally‚ and automatically triggers a response” (Cherry). In this study‚ the unconditioned stimulus (US) is the noise of the banging bar. The conditioned stimulus (CS)
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1 Kate Woodford Modernity‚ Consumerism and ‘The Women’ In the 1920s‚ ‘modernity’ swept through America‚ with a enormous economic shift that transformed the pre world war one country from a society still rooted in a predominately agricultural small town past into the worlds primary industrialized urban nation with the formation of the city. It was through corporate capitalism‚ mass production and consumerism and the process of the mass media that this was done. Where Paris
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Classical Hollywood narrative ’Classical Hollywood cinema possesses a style which is largely invisible and difficult for the average spectator to see. The narrative is delivered so effortlessly and efficiently to the audience that it appears to have no source. It comes magically off the screen.’ John Belton‚ film scholar‚ Rutgers University Classical Hollywood narrative refers to the filmmaking tradition established in Hollywood during the 1920s and 1930s. It became the dominant style throughout
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betrayed its classical principles? Classical liberalism seeks to maximise the realm of unconstrained individual action‚ by establishing a minimal state and a reliance on market economics. These ideas developed a lot during the early industrialisation of the 19th century. Modern liberalism provides a qualified endorsement for social and economic intervention as a means of promoting personal development. These ideas were related to the further development of industrialisation. Classical liberals
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Learning refers to the process whereby experience produces a fairly lasting and adaptive change in behaviour (Passer et al.‚ 2009). Classical conditioning is the process of learning by association which signals the approaching arrival of a significant event. It involves pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus (US) that will elicit an unconditioned response (UR). With repeated pairings‚ the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus (CS) that evokes a conditioned response (CR)
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“Now make sure that you stay free‚ and don’t get tied up again in slavery to the law” (Galatians 5.1). Jesus’s words resonate with many individuals who support the growing ideology of classical liberalism and individualism. During the eighteenth century‚ the free market system principle of classical liberalism was emphasized. With enlightenment thinkers such as Adam Smith and John Locke‚ the Industrial Revolution boosted Britain’s uprising economy. Both enlightenment thinkers supported a society
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