Psychology 102 – Midterm Essay Midterm Essay Herbert Joseph Psychology 102 The classical conditioning approach is an associative learning approach that played a major role in the development of the science of psychology. Classical conditioning can also be referred to as Pavlovian or respondent conditioning. The process begins with a stimulus in the environment‚ the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)‚ which produces a natural behavior‚ the unconditioned response (UCR) in an organism. For example
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Distinguish between operant conditioning‚ classical conditioning‚ and social learning. How are these different kinds of learning utilized in the work place? Give specific examples for each one. Classic conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes paired with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response. The most famous example of this is the experiment performed by Pavlov. However‚ many people experience this effect every day at work. When someone cooks something in the microwave
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OPERANT CONDITIONING ELEMENTS -the likelihood that a behavior will occur is increased by reward (i.e.‚ REINFORCEMENT) and decreased by PUNISHMENT. PUNISHMENT - introduction of an aversive stimulus aimed at reducing the rate of an unwanted behavior. RE-INFORCEMENT - any event contingent upon the response of the organism that alters the likelihood of the response. - rewarded response are always strengthened but - punished responses do not always diminish POSITIVE RE-INFORCEMENT -any event
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John Watson‚ after learning Ivan Pavlov’s theory of Classic Conditioning‚ believed it was worth exploring further‚ but should be taken further. If the conditioning could be done with animals‚ then it should also pertain to human subjects as well. He believed that every person learned and perceived differently‚ which explained why there were differences in behavior. Watson and his assistant Rosalie Raynor conducted an experiment with a 9 month old infant known as Little Albert. According to Watson
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The Little Albert Experiment was one of the most well known fear conditioning experiments. John B Watson showed that not only can humans be classically conditioned‚ but also furthered Pavlov’s research by show that emotions can be classically conditioned. Watson exposed a nine-month-old baby to various white stimuli such as: rats‚ rabbits‚ monkeys‚ etc. He observed that the child showed no fear towards the stimuli‚ but then whenever the child was exposed to the white stimuli followed by a loud noise
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related to Classical and Operant Conditioning Distinguish between classical and operant conditioning Classical conditioning is one of the major theories of human behavior. It involves a natural stimulus in relation to the response; thus a previously neutral response creates the response even without the presence of the natural stimulus. On the other hand operant conditioning involves a relationship between a behavior and its consequence. In classical conditioning
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Phobias and Addictions through Classical and Operant Conditioning PSY-300 January 28‚ 2013 Lillian Fillpot‚ M.A.‚ Ed.S.‚ CRC Phobias and Addictions through Classical and Operant Conditioning This paper will explore how phobias and addictions are formed through both classical and operant conditioning and show just as addictions and phobias can be formed‚ they can also become extinct. Classical conditioning is the use of a conditional stimulus such as a person‚ place or object
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Phobias and Addictions Paper Classical conditioning and operant conditioning are two different ways people learn things and develop certain behaviors. People can develop phobias and addictions through classical and operant conditioning. “In classical conditioning‚ an environmental stimulus leads to a learned response‚ through pairing of an unconditioned stimulus with a previously neutral conditioned stimulus. The result is a conditioned response‚ or learned reflex” (Kowalski & Westen‚ 2011‚ “Learning”
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Pavlov Classical conditioning is a method used in behavioral studies. It is known as classical because it is the first study of laws of learning/conditioning‚ It is a learned reaction that you do when evoked by a stimulus. Ivan Pavlov was the scientist who discovered classical conditioning. Ivan Pavlov was born in Russia. He lived from 1849 - 1936 . Pavlov’s field of study was physiology and natural science. One of Pavlov’s discoveries was the conditioning of dogs. While working
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Addiction Paper Classical conditioning and operant conditioning both involve the learning process. Through classical conditioning a subject will learn to respond to a stimulus such as a light or bell before food is given. In operant conditioning a subject will learn by a response given off from its environment such as hitting a button or lever accidentally resulting in a positive reinforcement‚ food given‚ and a higher chance that the action will happen again. Classical conditioning is a learned
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