Social Care APPLYING PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE P1) Explain the principal psychological perspectives: * Describe how the principles of classical conditioning can explain why a patient is petrified of having injections; * Describe how the principles of operant conditioning could explain why a child has persistent tantrums. P1) Psychology uses seven different theoretical perspectives to explore psychological events: * Evolutonary Perspective
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approach is classical conditioning‚ where behaviours are learnt through association. This assumption was developed by a psychologist called Pavlov‚ through his research into dogs. After conditioning the neutral stimulus (the bell)‚ it produced a conditioned response‚ (salivation). This is because the dog had associated the bell with food. Another assumption of the behaviourist approach is operant conditioning‚ where behaviour is learnt through the consequences of the behaviour. Operant conditioning shapes
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as a school of experimental psychology. Psychologists that most impacted the development of the behaviorist theory were Ivan Pavlov‚ who research on classical conditioning‚ Edward Lee Thorndike‚ John B. Watson‚ who rejected introspective methods and sought to reduce psychology to experimental methods‚ and B.F. Skinner who studied operant conditioning. Influences on behaviorism In the beginning of the twentieth century behaviorism became the main movement in psychology. It was a utilitarian study
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behaviour is leaned. Another key feature of the behaviourist they believe we learn by 2 processes these are : Classical conditioning – this is the process of learning by association. Pavlov showed this with dogs. Pavlov found that dogs salivated when shown food. The food originally was the unconditional stimulus which caused the salivation which was the unconditioned response. During conditioning Pavlov continued to ring a bell before showing the dog the food this then led to the dog associating the bell
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in particular situations. Our understanding of these laws of learning had emerged from research on classical operant conditioning as well as on observational learning. Classical Conditioning: Operant Conditioning: Operant conditioning (sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning) is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning‚ an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior. Skinner believed that
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and how psychology should become a science of behavior. His behaviorist perspective focused on humans and how their behaviors are learned. Watson believed that all of our behaviors that we have are acquired through conditioning. The two types of conditioning are operant and classical. Watson was best known for testing these theories on animals and also his test on Little Albert that
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MEMORY MEANINGFUL FRAMEWORK There are so many people who use schemata to organize current knowledge and provide a meaningful framework for future understanding. In psychology and cognitive science‚ a schema (plural schemata or schemas) describes an organized pattern of thought or behavior that organizes categories of information and the relationships among them.[1] It can also be described as a mental structure of preconceived ideas‚ a framework representing some aspect of the world‚ or a system
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CONSUMER BEHAVIOR 1.Consumer Orientation: A group of actions taken by a business to support its sales and service staff in considering client needs and satisfaction their major priorities. Business strategies that tend to reflect a customer orientation might include: developing a quality product appreciate by consumers; responding promptly and respectfully to consumer complaints and queries; and dealing sensitively with community issues 2.Learning: Measurable and relatively permanent change in behavior through experience
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Development is the act or process of growing or causing something to grow or to become larger or more advanced. The life span perspective of development involves understanding changes that occur in every period of development. This view seeks to understand people throughout the changes in life and how these changes shape an individual into whom they become. All these changes occur from birth‚ throughout a persons’ life‚ into and during old age. Life span development is multidirectional‚ multi
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The Three Behaviorists: Watson‚ Tolman‚ and Skinner The psychological perspective of behaviorism bound together three men whose views otherwise greatly diverged from each other and who together changed the face of psychology: John B. Watson‚ Edward C. Tolman‚ and B. F. Skinner. The three men started from the perspective of behaviorism and from there their views widely strayed. The views of Behaviorism’s father‚ John B. Watson marked him as an extremist. Edward C. Tolman was the neobehaviorist
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