Mia Cavilia 12/5/12 Western Civilization Martin Luther Paper Professor Maher Martin Luther had many core and new ideas that he brought forward during his time. Three main fundamental ideas that he focused on included an emphasis on the importance of the bible‚ that people are saved by the grace of God through faith and that all members of the church are equal. Martin Luther’s fundamentals were largely based on reforming the church from the circus it had became back to based upon faith and
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Maximilien Robespierre managed to take advantage of France’s corrupted state to gain the political authority that was required to transform his radical ideas into actions. Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette were the King and Queen of France‚ but were strongly disliked among the majority of the French population due to their lack of leadership skills. Many political groups formed that were against the French Monarchy‚ including a radical group called the Jacobins. This party grew to become popular among
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his council. Louis XI‚ of the Valois line‚ signified the New Monarchy in France around 1461. Louis XI and the Valois line formed a royal army‚ overpowered unruly nobles and bandits‚ and increased the monarch’s power over both parliament and the clergy. Louis XI was able to raise taxes without the approval of parliament and eventually parliament asked for him to rule without their input. The
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In the book titled‚ "A World Lit Only By Fire"‚ William Manchester describes the shadowy‚ bleak‚ and disturbing time of the Middle Ages. It was filled with illiteracy‚ carnage‚ and corruption. Then he elaborately shows the transition between the Medieval era and to the revival of learning‚ the Renaissance. As the story progresses‚ he uses quotes from historians and historic figures. He may come off as biased by just highlighting the disaster of the Medieval ages‚ but he is just emphasizing what makes
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In order to understand the Counter Reformation one must consider the political factors and motivators behind them as well as the belief factors when examining clashes with the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church during 16th century experienced a reformation that was both politically and belief driven. The Catholic Reformation also known as the Counter Reformation allowed the church to clearly define its position‚ eliminate unchristian practices and examine its role in world. This paper will address
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The underlying causes that brought on the Protestant Reformation would be Martin Luther creating Lutheranism‚ Christians deciding to change their religion‚ discarding large parts of the Bible‚ and leaving the old authority of the Pope behind over indulgences. The Reformation had many causes but the top three would be‚ social‚ political‚ and economic. The political causes began over Nationalism‚ the Pope’s control resenting‚ a foreign ruler‚ and the protection of leaders. Both Protestantism and
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knowledge of the scriptures should not be contained within the clergy. Famously‚ Luther declared the sale of indulgences to be completely incompatible with the Christian religion‚ and that this was just one of many instances of Papal lust for temporal power‚ a lust he believed was wholly at odds with Christian teachings. Among his other criticisms‚ Luther condemned the pomp and splendor of the Catholic Church‚ the nepotism practiced by the clergy‚ and the absenteeism of church
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nations had developed into a strong national monarchy with a centralized bureaucracy and a professional army? a. France c. England b. Spain d. All of these answers are correct. 4. The Cluny reform movement sought to a. remove the clergy from royal authority and strengthen the powers of the pope. b. strengthen the powers of the Holy Roman Emperor. c. rejoin the Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox churches. d. abolish monasticism and promote clerical marriage. 5.
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debt and raised taxes on the commoners‚ and they were also the only ones that worked. The nobles pay taxes to the king‚ but they just taxed the commoners. Paris was in a financial crisis and was a very sad place at the time. Commoners were under the clergy‚
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that contributed to the outbreak of revolution</b> <br>The composition of society was a major contributing factor to the tensions and conflicts generated under the old regime. Society was divided into Three Estates‚ the first Estate comprised of the clergy (1%)‚ the nobility‚ and rest of the population was classified as the Third Estate. Not only was the Third Estate heterogeneous‚ comprising of the bourgeoise (lawyers‚ doctors‚ intellectuals‚ businessman‚ the traders‚ merchants‚ factory owners)‚ peasants
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