Spasmodic dysphonia is a neurological voice disorder that causes the laryngeal muscles to spasm uncontrollably during phonation (Baylor‚ Yorkston‚ & Eadie‚ 2005). Revelo‚ Underbrink‚ & Quinn state that this disorder impacts 1 in 10‚000 individuals in the United States (as cited in Mathew‚ 2014). The cause of this voice disorder is unknown at this time‚ and it affects more women than men (Baylor et al.‚ 2005). Spasmodic dysphonia causes the voice to sound unnatural and either breathy or strained‚
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Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a term used to describe an acute lower respiratory tract infection in individuals with signs‚ symptoms and a new radiographic shadowing for which there is no other explanation and who have not recently been hospitalized. CAP is common and associated with major morbidity‚ mortality and financial burden. The annual incidence in the community is 5–11 per 1000 adult population‚ with the reported mortality less than 1% (BTS guideline‚ 2009). The reported mortality
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Campylobacter–Generally under cooking chicken can harbour the pathogens.Staphylococcus aureus-Commonly found in human body‚ bad personal hygiene and preparation food too far in advance of service‚ Salmonella –Uncooked raw chicken milk‚ milk and dairy products. Clostridium perfringens- Sourced with cooked chicken and gravy and spices have been cooled too slowly‚ not following 90 minutes cooling hot food principle‚ can form spores they are heat and chemical resistant Chemical Hazards: - Inappropriate practices
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C. Diff Clostridium Difficile: bacterium that can cause symptoms ranging from diarrhea to life-threatening inflammation of the colon. Most commonly affects older adults in hospitals or nursing homes and typically occurs after use of antibiotic medications. Recently C. Diff has become more severe and difficult to treat. Healthy people can get C.Diff even if they aren’t taking antibiotic or hospitalized. It is possible to not be sick while having C.Diff but still possible to spread the infection
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Exercise 8-B Differential Staining Gram Staining and Acid Fast Staining Introduction: Differential Staining‚ one which facilitates differentiation of various elements in a specimen is a general term that can refer to a number of specific processes. Using multiple stains can better differentiate between different microorganisms or cellular components of a single organism. Gram’s Stain is a widely used method of staining bacteria as an aid to their identification. It was originally devised by Hans
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FST3202 Food Microbiology 2012/2013-1 Lecture 1. Introduction to Food Microbiology Prof. Madya Dr. Yaya Rukayadi Department of Food Science Faculty of Food Science and Technology Universiti Putra Malaysia Wednesday‚ 12-09-2012 BKTM-2 (10.00 – 12.00) FST 3202 – Food Microbiology Semester : 1 (2012/2013) Program : Undergraduate Student (prasiswazah) Credits : 3 (2-1) Class : BKTM 2 – Food 1 Day/Time : Wednesday‚ 10.00 – 12.00 Pensyarah : Prof. Madya
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biofuels that have better properties than ethanol. Results and conclusion: Saccharomyces cerevisiae was engineered with an n-butanol biosynthetic pathway‚ in which isozymes from a number of different organisms (S. cerevisiae‚ Escherichia coli‚ Clostridium beijerinckii‚
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Introduction The production of acetone and butanol by means of solvent-producing strains of Clostridium spp. was one of the first large-scale industrial fermentation processes to be developed‚and during the first part of this century it ranked second in importance only to ethanol fermentation. The reason for the almost total demise of this fermentation in the early 1960s was the inability of the fermentation process to compete economically with the chemical synthesis of solvents. However‚ interest
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Chapter 25: Environmental Microbiology Question Type: Multiple Choice 1) Which would not be the habitat for terrestrial species of some microorganisms? a) desert b) tundra c) tropical rain forest d) freshwater lake Answer: d Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: LO 25.1 Explain the concept of ecosystems and how energy flows through them. Section Reference 1: Section 25.1 Fundamentals of Ecology 2. Microbes in the environment can be _____. a) producers b) consumers c) decomposers d) all
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nucleus‚ a part of the basal ganglia‚ which controls the body movements. The article also mentions the several treatments that may suppress the tics or treat Tourette’s itself. These treatments include taking antipsychotic or antianxiety medication‚ botulinum toxin‚ and habit reversal‚ a method that requires you to contract muscles that opposes the tics. This article is useful and consistent with the several articles that I have read. This article informs the readers the several treatments and the
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