the Semmelweis legacy. 1(9)‚ 20. • Pépin J‚ Valiquette L‚ Cossette B. (2005) Mortality attributable to nosocomial Clostridium difficile–associated disease during an epidemic caused by a hypervirulent strain in Quebec. 173:1037–1042. • Leischner J‚ Johnson S‚ Sambol S‚ Parada J‚ Gerding D. (2005). Effect of alcohol hand gels and chlorhexidine hand wash in removing spores of Clostridium difficile (CD) from hands. In: Proceedings of the 45th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
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1/03/13 Introduction to Pharmacology II Targets of Drug Action March 5 How do drugs work? | Nearly all drugs act by interfering or inhibiting natural processes which are required for normal physiological function but which may have been disrupted by disease. | Paul Ehrlich 1845-1915 | Observed that certain chemicals or drugs bound in a selective manner to some but not all cells. He recognised that the cells must have chemical recognition sites for these drugs. The concept of a “receptor”
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Bacterial Fermentation Secondary article Article Contents Volker Mu¨ller‚ Ludwig-Maximilians-Universita¨t Mu¨nchen‚ Munich‚ Germany . Introduction Under anaerobic conditions‚ in the dark and in the absence of electron acceptors‚ organic compounds are catabolized by strictly anaerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria by internally balanced oxidation–reduction reactions‚ a process called fermentation. In fermentation‚ the organic compound serves as both electron donor and acceptor‚ and adenosine
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Chapter 1 1. The scientist usually considered the first to see microorganisms‚ which he called "animalcules"‚ was A) Redi B) van Leeuwenhoek C) Pasteur D) Tyndall 2. The idea of Spontaneous Generation postulated that A) organisms could evolve into the next generation of organisms B) organisms could spontaneously combust C) organisms could spontaneously arise from other living organisms D) living organisms could spontaneously arise from non-living material 3. The work of Tyndall
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People can have diarrhea with dehydration‚ severe cramps‚ vision problems and possibly even death in severe cases. Symptoms vary depending on the person and the type of foodborne illness. Types of foodborne illnesses include salmonella‚ clostridium perfringens‚ clostridium botulism and E. coli. Information Eating foods that have been contaminated by certain germs or "pathogens" can make a person ill. This is called food poisoning or foodborne illness. Often‚ when people have a stomach ache or feel
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Vol 454j14 August 2008jdoi:10.1038/nature07190 REVIEWS Genomics of cellulosic biofuels Edward M. Rubin1‚2 The development of alternatives to fossil fuels as an energy source is an urgent global priority. Cellulosic biomass has the potential to contribute to meeting the demand for liquid fuel‚ but land-use requirements and process inefficiencies represent hurdles for large-scale deployment of biomass-to-biofuel technologies. Genomic information gathered from across the biosphere‚ including potential
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Norwegian cuisine Norwegian cuisine in its traditional form is based largely on the raw materials readily available in Norway and its mountains‚ wilderness and coast. It differs in many respects from its continental counterparts with a stronger focus on game and fish. Modern Norwegian cuisine‚ although still strongly influenced by its traditional background‚ now bears the marks of globalization and Americanization: pastas‚ pizzas and the like are as common as meatballs and cod as staple foods
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Kenneth Todar –AUTHOR Introduction to The Microbial World © 2009 Kenneth Todar PhD Figure 1. The bacterium‚ Legionella. American Society for Microbiology. The Microbial World The microbial world is a realm of life made up of microorganisms and viruses. Microbiology is the branch of biological sciences concerned with the study of these microbes. Microorganisms are unicellular organisms (capable of existence as single cells)‚ too small to be seen with the naked eye. Among all forms of
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Microbiology Study Guide Chapters 1-6 Chapter 1 Main Themes of Microbiology Microorganisms Most are not Pathogens Prokaryotic-no nucleus or organelles Very simplistic—like bacteria Eukaryotic-has nucleus and organelles like mitochondria Includes fungus‚ and animals Acellular-not even a complete cell Includes viruses and prions like those that cause Mad Cow disease Six main types of microorganisms Bacterium (prokaryotic) Fungus (eukaryotic) Algae (eukaryotic) Virus (acellular)
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problem worldwide [1]. Infections caused by resistant pathogens result in increased mortality and morbidity among human and animal populations. In addition‚ pathogenic microorganisms‚ including Staphylococcus aureus‚ Streptococcus pneumoniae and Clostridium difficile‚ contribute
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