water World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe EUROPEAN COMMISSION Eutrophication and health 40 preface Eutrophication and health Algal blooms‚ “red tides”‚ “green tides”‚ fish kills‚ inedible shellfish‚ blue algae and public health threats. What is the common link ? The answer is‚ EUTROPHICATION: a complex process which occurs both in fresh and marine waters‚ where excessive development of certain types of algae disturbs the aquatic ecosystems and becomes a threat
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II-Leukocidin genetic organization and genome distribution The genetic architecture of the S. aureus leucocidins is widely conserved. F and S subunits of a certain toxin pair are transcribed from specific single promoter. The open reading frame of the S subunit immediately come before The open reading frameof the F subunit‚ with as little as a single nucleotide separating each open reading frames (Fig.1). The only known exception to this rule iwas in gamma-hemolysin locus. 1-Gamma-hemolysin:
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it. Ranging from microscopic‚ single-celled organisms to large seaweeds‚ algae are simple plants that form the base of food webs. Sometimes‚ however‚ their roles are much more sinister. A small percentage of algal species produce toxins that can kill fish‚ mammals‚ and birds‚ and may cause human illness. Other algae are nontoxic‚ but clog the gills of fish and invertebrates or smother corals and submerged aquatic vegetation. Others discolour water‚ form huge‚ smelly piles on beaches
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the entire carbohydrates and it provides plenty of calories but it is not a complete and balanced diet. Moreover‚ it should be undergo a processed to eliminate the chemicals which will release the cyanide and the workers could be sickened by this toxin when the chronic exposure to it. The transgenic cassava plants was developed with the high level of iron‚ protein and the vitamin A. Besides that‚ the cyanide- producing chemicals were removed from the root of the cassava
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stepping on a nail or other sharp object is a common cause of puncture wounds. Punctures wounds provided bacteria with an entryway into the deep layers of the skin where they can grow. The risk for tetanus‚ an infection caused by the bacterium Clostridium tentani‚ in simpler words meaning‚ infection from dirty metallic objects may provide health concern. Puncture wounds can be treated through cleansing and making sure you are up to date with your tetanus vaccination. Puncture wounds associated with
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Day 1: Biology of Animals Deuterostomes develop anus from blastopore Protostomes develop mouth from blastopore. Presentation: Overview of Prokaryotes‚ Protists‚ and Fungi I. Prokaryotes (ex. Bacteria) Characteristics -Unicellular -Small (0.5-5um) -Know shapes (ex. Spherical rod shaped and spiral) cocci‚ spirilla‚ bacilli -Cell wall‚ salt‚ peptidoglycan‚ Gram stain‚ virulence. Gram positive bacteria take up the Gram stain and turn purple‚ peptidoglycan traps crystal violet‚ very
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Identity of Cyanobacterial Toxins Cyanobacterial toxins are toxins produced by cyanobacteria‚ or blue-green algae. They include neurotoxins (e.g.‚ anatoxins)‚ hepatotoxins (e.g.‚ microcystins)‚ skin irritants and other toxins. Both hepatotoxins and neurotoxins are produced by cyanobacteria commonly found in surface water supplies and therefore appear to be of most relevance to water supplies at present.1-3 However‚ the neurotoxins are relatively unstable and‚ as such‚ are not considered to be as
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eats small rodents‚ reptiles‚ other amphibians‚ birds and invertebrates they also eat plants‚ dog food and household trash. What eats it snakes‚ catfish‚ and eels. When the cane toad feels like it is in danger it can release a deadly toxin called bufotenin and if the toxin enters the blood stream it may cause death in the predator. The cane toad mate like frogs they lay eggs and then becomes tadpoles. The cane toad can lay up to 8‚000 – 25‚000 eggs at once. but only 1‚000 to 2‚000 make it to adult
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FOOD CODE 1 Message from the Director General Dubai’s vision is to establish a world-class food safety system that helps provide safe food to the residents and the several millions that visit the Emirate each year. We envision a system that ensures the highest standards of food safety - from the port to the plate. We would like the system to be so comprehensive and appealing that others are encouraged to use it as a model. Our vision will become a reality only when the government‚ food industry
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might be in the food or drink that we swallow. What is your immune system? Immunity Once inside the body‚ pathogens reproduce. Viruses reproduce inside cells and damage them‚ while escaping to infect more cells. Bacteria produce toxins - poisons. Cell damage and toxins cause the symptoms of infectious diseases. Once pathogens enter the body‚ the immune
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