missiles against Saudi Arabia and Israel. In 1995 Iraq admitted to having possession of brewing thousands of gallons of deadly germs and toxins and loading some of them in bombs‚ missile and rockets. The weapons included anthrax‚ botulinum toxin‚ Clostridium perfringens‚ a flesh-eating bacterium that causes gas gangrene; and aflatoxin‚ a fungal poison that causes liver cancer. In October‚1998‚ Saddam failed to let the United Nations weapons inspectors in to
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the air b. Indoor and outdoor air c. Airborne transmission of environmentally relevant microorganisms i. Bacteria‚ viruses‚ fungi‚ yeasts‚ and protozoans 2. Name one airborne microbial toxin? d. Eg. Toxin from Clostridium botulinum – potential biological warfare agent e. Neurotoxin f. Lethal dose – 0.3 µg by inhalation 3. Is lipopolysaccharide an airborne microbial toxin? What kind of bacteria contains LPS? g. Outer membrane of gram negative
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stepping on a nail or other sharp object is a common cause of puncture wounds. Punctures wounds provided bacteria with an entryway into the deep layers of the skin where they can grow. The risk for tetanus‚ an infection caused by the bacterium Clostridium tentani‚ in simpler words meaning‚ infection from dirty metallic objects may provide health concern. Puncture wounds can be treated through cleansing and making sure you are up to date with your tetanus vaccination. Puncture wounds associated with
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The Research of Nazi Germany Origins The rise of the Nazi Party began with the appointment of Adolf Hitler as chancellor of Germany by President Paul von Hindenburg on January 30‚ 1933. Soon after his appointment‚ Adolf began to prepare the state for Nazi rule. The Nazi party was guided by authoritarian principles and began to invoke a Volk society in which religious and class differences would be eradicated. Any political enemies of the Nazi party were subject to intimidation and legislation
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BASIC MEAT PROCESSING PRINCIPLES OF MEAT PRESERVATION Meat preservation is principally concerned with the application of measures to delay meat spoilage‚ which are caused by microbial‚ chemical and physical changes. Of these‚ microbial spoilage is most common. Microbes thrive in moisture and since meat is 70%-75% water‚ it spoils easily through microbial action. Meat‚ being rich source of nutrients‚ also becomes an excellent food for bacteria. Methods of meat preservation‚ however different from
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Sterilization: Killing or removing all forms of microbial life (including endospores) in a material or an object. Heating is the most commonly used method of sterilization. Commercial Sterilization: Heat treatment that kills endospores of Clostridium botulinum the causative agent of botulism‚ in canned food. Does not kill endospores of thermophiles‚ which are not pathogens and may grow at temperatures above 45oC. Control of Microbial Growth: definitions Disinfection: Reducing the number
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Identification and characterization of Pierisin gene in P. napi The strategy was followed to amplify the Pierisin-6 gene was given in the supplementary Fig. 1. The mRNA of pierisin-6 gene was purified from the total RNA of fifth instar larvae of P. napi‚ the conserved region was amplified using gene specific primers (supplementary table-1)‚ cloned into pGEM®-T vector and sequenced. Further‚ 3’ and 5’ untranslated regions of pierisin-6 gene were identified by 3’/5’ RACE-PCR. The amplified cDNA sequence
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1. Using the date of onset for each case from Table 1‚ construct a simple ‘cases against time’ chart of the outbreak. From THIS data suggest when common exposure to infection may have occurred and explain your reasoning. Table 1. Cases against time. Date | Number of cases by area. | Total number of cases | | Town A | Town B | Village Y | Farm K | | 5th July | | | 1 | | 1 | 11th July | 2 | | 2 | | 4 | 12th July | 3 | | 1 | 1 | 5 | 13th July | 5 | | 3 | | 8 | 14th July
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pyogenes is the most commonly reported pathogen involved in most cases of flesh eating bacteria. It is also the most dangerous. This bacterium usually results in widespread tissue necrosis. Type III Necrotizing Fasciitis is caused by the bacteria clostridium perfringens. It was a skeletal muscle infection that results in cell death and producing gas. It was also termed Gas Gangrene. Once the disease has penetrated the layers of connective tissue‚ it begins to deteriorate the muscles; it is then call
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Italy before your eyes´; You are now stepping over the walls not just of Italy but even of the city of Rome; the way will now be easy and after one or two battles you will have the fortress and head of Italy in your hand and power. Q.6 a) optimum‚ difficile b)scelesti d)simili Q.7 a) loqui b)mentiemur c)illius d)esse e)ciuium Q.8 a) cepimus‚ capiemus b) clamuistis‚ clamabimus c)potuisti‚ poteris d) deluerent‚ delebunt e) tetigi‚ tangam Q.9 a) adverb b) imperfect ind. Act. c)3rd
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