3. Results and discussions 3.1. Disease Severity Results presented in Table 2 showed the disease severity (PDS) after 15 d of inoculation. A significant difference in the PDS was noticed between ‘Nicola’ and ‘Spunta’. The resistant cultivar (Nicola) showed lower incidence of infection compared to the susceptible cultivar (Spunta). Inducers’ treatments individually or in combination with difenoconazole (fungicide) showed significant protective effects against A. solani. The 2‚4-D was the most
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Misuse of antibiotics is one major cause of the global health crisis of antibiotic resistance. Misuse or overuse can make supposedly harmful bacteria become “superbugs‚” which are highly resistant to nearly all classes of antibacterial compounds. To determine the culprits‚ researchers at the Carolinas HealthCare System in North Carolina conducted a study to find the factors that led to the misuse of antibiotics. Alexander Fleming invented the first antibiotic for humans called penicillin in 1928
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The Problem of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in Hospitals. Introduction Antibiotic resistant bacteria are bacteria who can survive after exposure to one or more antibiotics. Some bacteria present today can even be resistant to multiple antibiotics and these are sometimes referred to by the name Multidrug resistant (MDR). Today many clinically important bacteria are MDR’s and this is a direct result of past decades of antimicrobial use and misuse. If an infection results from this sort of resistant
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Pathogens are bad microorganisms that cause diseases which make you unwell if gets into your body‚ some of these are bacteria and viruses. Bacteria cause infections like TB‚ legionnaires and flu and viruses cause Hepatitis B‚ measles‚ mumps and more. Bacteria often produce toxins which affect the body‚ while viruses take over whole the cell and then destroy P2 Explain how pathogenic micro-organisms grow and spread? Pathogen microorganisms grow if all right conditions are in place for it to expand
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to the presence of an infectious agent(s) or its toxin(s)‚ (2) that occurs during a hospital admission‚ (3) for which there is no evidence the infection was present or incubating at admission‚ and (4) meets body site-specific criteria.6 Patient-days were defined as the total number of days that patients were in the hospital. Data sources The National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system. The NNIS system was a voluntary network of U.S. hospitals collaborating with CDC to monitor HAIs
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Clostridium Difficile People getting medical care can catch serious infections called healthcare-associated infections or HAI’s. One type of HAI which is caused by the germ Clostridium Difficile or C-Diff. In 2015 it was estimated almost half a million infections in the United Ststes‚ and 29‚000 died within 30 days of the initial diagnosis. Those most at risk are older adults‚ who take antibiotics and also get medical care. The CDC provides guidelines and tools for the healthcare population to help
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Foodborne Illness Week 4 Laura Shepherd SCI/163 November 26‚ 2012 Raymond Kahler Foodborne Illness Week 4 Clostridium perfringens One of the most common foodborne illnesses in the United States is Clostridium perfringens (C.perfringens). According to the Center for Disease Control‚ it is responsible for approximately one million cases of foodborne illness each year (Center for Disease Control‚ 2011). This bacterium is an anaerobic gram-positive bacterium. This means that it requires little
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toxin blocks the release of acetylcholine from motor nerve endings causing paralysis symptoms. The botulism either food born‚ eating contaminated home-canned foods where the fermentation takes place. or through abrasion in the body skin where the Clostridium bacteria can infect the wound releasing the neurotoxin‚ this has been increased recently because of the use of tar heroin injection. or infant that he ingests spores and the spores grow in the intestine producing neurotoxin
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Clostridium difficile There are many microbes that live in the human digestive tract. Most keep us regular and healthy. Some of these organisms keep others in check. When the balance of these good and bad organisms is disrupted‚ we can become sick. Clostridium difficile (C.diff or C.difficile) can grow out of control if this happens. This happens when a person is on antibiotics for another reason and the normal flora of the gut is eradicated. Clostridium difficile is typically found in hospitals
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Clostridium tetani is a pathogenic bacterium. It is a gram positive bacillus‚ which means it possesses thick cell walls made of peptidoglycan and appear as rod shaped. C. tetani is an obligate anaerobe that form spores which are resistant to heat and exposure to oxygen (Brüggemann‚ 2015). This ability to form spores allows the cell to survive in harsh conditions‚ packing everything it needs to survive until conditions improve. C. tetani is found mostly in warm‚ damp areas‚ especially in soil‚ but
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