adolescents. At its peak‚ about 150‚000 cases of diphtheria occurred in the United States every year. The diphtheria vaccine since it was first used in the United States in the early 1940s‚ has virtually eliminated the disease. Now we see bacterium‚ Clostridium tetani. Unlike most vaccine-preventable diseases‚ tetanus is not a disease
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1.CANCER Cancer /ˈkænsər/‚ known medically as a malignant neoplasm‚ is a broad group of diseases involving unregulated cell growth. In cancer‚ cellsdivide and grow uncontrollably‚ forming malignant tumors‚ and invading nearby parts of the body. The cancer may also spread to more distant parts of the body through the lymphatic system or bloodstream. Not all tumors are cancerous; benign tumors do not invade neighboring tissues and do not spread throughout
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Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a term used to describe an acute lower respiratory tract infection in individuals with signs‚ symptoms and a new radiographic shadowing for which there is no other explanation and who have not recently been hospitalized. CAP is common and associated with major morbidity‚ mortality and financial burden. The annual incidence in the community is 5–11 per 1000 adult population‚ with the reported mortality less than 1% (BTS guideline‚ 2009). The reported mortality
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C. Diff Clostridium Difficile: bacterium that can cause symptoms ranging from diarrhea to life-threatening inflammation of the colon. Most commonly affects older adults in hospitals or nursing homes and typically occurs after use of antibiotic medications. Recently C. Diff has become more severe and difficult to treat. Healthy people can get C.Diff even if they aren’t taking antibiotic or hospitalized. It is possible to not be sick while having C.Diff but still possible to spread the infection
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Exercise 8-B Differential Staining Gram Staining and Acid Fast Staining Introduction: Differential Staining‚ one which facilitates differentiation of various elements in a specimen is a general term that can refer to a number of specific processes. Using multiple stains can better differentiate between different microorganisms or cellular components of a single organism. Gram’s Stain is a widely used method of staining bacteria as an aid to their identification. It was originally devised by Hans
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FST3202 Food Microbiology 2012/2013-1 Lecture 1. Introduction to Food Microbiology Prof. Madya Dr. Yaya Rukayadi Department of Food Science Faculty of Food Science and Technology Universiti Putra Malaysia Wednesday‚ 12-09-2012 BKTM-2 (10.00 – 12.00) FST 3202 – Food Microbiology Semester : 1 (2012/2013) Program : Undergraduate Student (prasiswazah) Credits : 3 (2-1) Class : BKTM 2 – Food 1 Day/Time : Wednesday‚ 10.00 – 12.00 Pensyarah : Prof. Madya
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biofuels that have better properties than ethanol. Results and conclusion: Saccharomyces cerevisiae was engineered with an n-butanol biosynthetic pathway‚ in which isozymes from a number of different organisms (S. cerevisiae‚ Escherichia coli‚ Clostridium beijerinckii‚
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Introduction The production of acetone and butanol by means of solvent-producing strains of Clostridium spp. was one of the first large-scale industrial fermentation processes to be developed‚and during the first part of this century it ranked second in importance only to ethanol fermentation. The reason for the almost total demise of this fermentation in the early 1960s was the inability of the fermentation process to compete economically with the chemical synthesis of solvents. However‚ interest
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Introduction Botulism is a serious but rare infection that is caused by a bacterial poison (toxin). It usually affects babies who are 6 months of age or younger. What are the causes? This condition is caused by a toxin that is produced by the Clostridium botulinum bacteria. The toxin develops when a baby swallows (ingests) these bacteria‚ which then settle in the gut and grow. These bacteria often come from dust and soil. What increases the risk? This condition is more likely to develop in infants
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Introduction We know a lot about the human anatomy‚ its physiology‚ and how to treat the diseases that tend to disturb the balance between them‚ but‚ that was not always the case. It has really been that only in the past few centuries‚ scientists were able to dissect and experiment on other humans. Such experiments were the main contributors to our current knowledge in some fields of science‚ especially medicine. Dissections performed on rabbits‚ mice‚ chimpanzees‚ and other animals‚ along with some
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