Chemistry of Snake Venom Timothy Chapman Chemistry Accelerated Oct. 12‚ 2010 Snake venoms are something of an evolutionary marvel. Through minute mutations and changes‚ normal saliva has changed to the myriad of harmful enzymes‚ toxins‚ non-peptide organic substituents‚ small peptides‚ and inorganic and metal ions found in the venom of today’s snakes. In general‚ venom is defined as a simple to complex secretion produced in a specialized gland that is typically delivered via specialized envenomation
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form is used as a cooling agent (refrigerant) in refrigerators c) As a raw material for the manufacture of nitric acid in the Ostwald process d) To be converted into nitric acid used for making explosives e) As an alkali to prevent the coagulation of latex so that latex can remain in the liquid form f) To produce ammonium chloride used as an electrolyte in dry cells g) As a cleaning agent to remove grease h) Used in the manufacture of synthetic fibers such as nylon 3. The
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) often presents with a "subtle" clinical presentation (Buttaro‚ Tybulski‚ Polgar Bailey‚ & Sandberg-Cook‚ 2013‚ p. 766). Therefore‚ clinicians need to be aware of the risk factors for CKD and screen patients who present with such factors that place them at risk for this condition. This paper will review the clinical presentation‚ diagnosis‚ patient history‚ physical exam‚ and diagnostics associated with the recognition of CKD. Treatment options will be discussed with
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Treatment of Antibiotic Pharmaceutical Wastewater Using a Rotating Biological Contactor One of the treatment of the wastewater is the treatment of antibiotic pharmaceutical wastewater using a rotating biological contactor. For your information‚ Rotating Biological Contactors (RBC) are effective for treating wastewater‚ while they are rarely reported to be used for treating antibiotic pharmaceutical wastewater (APW). Next‚ the biological treatment processes have been widely used in wastewater treatment
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Upper airway obstruction condition in which sites of anatomic narrowing such as the hypo pharynx at the base of the tongue and the false and true vocal cords at the laryngeal opening are obstructed. Vasogenic edema an accumulation of fluid in the cerebrum that is typically caused by an increase in capillary endothelial cell permeability and usually occurs near a tumor. Ventilation-perfusion ratio (V/Q) the relationship between ventilation and blood flow in the lung that is measure by calculating
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It’s hard to imagine what being a “grown-up” is when you’ve always been a child. I don’t mean physically‚ but along the lines of knowing where you’re going with your life. What constitutes being an adult? Is it when you’ve finally reached the pinnacle of being “put together” by getting a job‚ place‚ and paying for your own phone bill? Or is it when you’ve accomplished big goals such as getting a degree or starting a family? I’d like to think that it’s when one experiences a large disconnect between
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specimen precipitates the protein in a fine suspension that is quantified spectrophotometrically at 420 nm (nanometers) by comparison with a similarly treated standard. Heat and acetic acid method Heat test: Based on the principle of heat coagulation and precipitation of proteins. If any turbidity appears‚ add 2 drops of 33% acetic acid. (Acidification is necessary because in alkaline medium heating may precipitate phosphates). If the precipitate is due to proteins‚ it will increase on acidification
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Key Points Measurement issues Chance P value Confidence intervals Measurement Bias and Error in Study Design Bias Selection bias Measurement bias Confounding Estimation Process of using calculated sample values to determine the probable value of a population parameter • Point estimate • Confidence interval estimation Range of values that has a known probability of capturing the parameter Chance • From estimates in the sample population make inferences about the risk in the total
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CHEMISTRY (Theory) Time allowed : 3 hours General Instructions: (i) All questions are compulsory. Maximum Marks : 70 (ii) Marks for each question are indicated against it. (iii) Question numbers 1 to 8 are very short-answer questions and carry 1 mark each. (iv) Question numbers 9 to 18 are short-answer questions and carry 2 marks each. (v) Question numbers 19 to 27 are also short-answer questions and carry 3 marks each. (vi) Question numbers 28 to 30 are long-answer questions and carry 5 marks
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NEUTROPHILS & MACROPHAGES: Neutrophils & Macrophages play the main role in (SEEK AND DESTROY) the invading agents (microbes‚viruses and other injurious agents) NEUTROPHILS are mature cells that can SEEK AND DESTROY agents even in BLOOD ‚ MACROPHAGES begin their life as immature cells in blood called monocytes ‚ when they enter the tissues they swell and become mature and named MACROPHAGES which are extremely capable of SEEK AND DESTROY intratissue injurious agents. White Blood Cells Enter the
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