Coral reefs have existed on this planet for approximately 450 million years. They provide an extremely diverse marine ecosystem. (Bellwood and Wainwirght2002) Coral reefs are the largest natural structures in the world and occur in over 100 countries. They are the result of a remarkable relationship between coral animals and microscopic algae. The microscopic algae (zooxanthellae) coverts sunlight and carbon dioxide into oxygen (photosynthesis) and carbohydrates for the coral animals (polyps)
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Summary: Coastal megacities are encountering a number of challenges and risks in different aspects such as social and economic aspect because of their geographical position. The problems facing in coastal megacities may have tremendous effect on the whole world as a result of globalization. Therefore the global are recommended to cooperate together to discuss appreciate solutions of the problems. The challenges and risks in coastal megacities can be categorized into mainly three aspects: socio-political
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Coastal Protection at Tongatapu Island‚ Tonga: A Report on Initiatives Nuku ’alofa beach seawall (Wikimedia.org) Prepared for Sylila Monteiro and Antoinette Wessels‚ 27 May 2011 By: Tattenai Katoanga (ID:1374937); Mahlon Bonga (ID:1388118); Pim Slagman (ID:1385439) Contents 1.0Introduction 3 1.1 Terms of reference 3 1.2 Procedures 3 1.3 Background 3 3.0 Findings 4 3.1 General environmental threats 4 3.2 Situation in Nuku’alofa 4 3.3 Situations in other
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The importance of or the protection of Hawaii’s watersheds and coral reefs are because of the economical and historical values of Hawaii. Without the understanding of or protection of Hawaii’s watersheds and coral reefs would cause major damage to the island. Coming from Florida‚ I have never seen a coral reef or watershed‚ since moving here this would be a perfect opportunity to learn more about the importance of Hawaii’s coral reef and watersheds and what impact they have on Hawaii. A watershed is
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The Great Barrier Reef‚ located on the north-east coast of Australia‚ is one of the world’s most astonishing natural beauties. Consisting of over 3000 individual reef structures and stretching over 2000 kilometres making it the largest living organism and the largest coral reef system in the world. Along with these astonishing reefs there are hundreds of unique tropical islands holding some of the most amazing beaches in the world. Due to the Great Barrier Reefs unique natural beauty‚ it has‚ over
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In today’s society‚ thousands of artificial reefs are manufactured every year throughout the United States using an integration of private‚ federal‚ state and local government funds. Not only are artificial reefs suggested to preserve marine populations‚ but they are also considered to be “economically viable” (‘How artificial reefs are economically viable’). The role of artificial reefs is to attract marine life‚ which brings in approximately $300‚000 a year for many marine wildlife service programs
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The Coastal and Plateau Native Americans have different lifestyles in food‚ housing‚ and transportation because of where they lived. The Cascade Mountains separate the Coastal and Plateau tribes‚ and puts them into two different environments‚ caused by the rainshadow effect. Being in two different environments‚ means that both of the tribes are in different climates‚ which changes how they live. The Coastal live in a colder and wetter climate due to being so close to the Pacific Ocean. The Plateau
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Great Barrier Reef‚ Australia Organisms that can be found in this ecosystem – Seaweed – P Sea grass – P Zooxanthellae – P Phytoplankton – P Zooplankton – C Omnivore Krill – C Omnivore Prawn – D Platygyra hard coral – C Omnivore Turbinaria hard coral – C Omnivore Bottlebrush coral – C Omnivore Bubble coral – C Carnivore Needle coral – C Omnivore Giant clam – C Omnivore Cone shell – C Omnivore Nudibranchs – C Omnivore Mollusks – C Carnivore Zig-zag oysters – C Omnivore Cowries
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Fish and Wildlife Service‚ Bureau of Land Management‚ and National Park Service. The Coastal Program‚ administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife‚ strives to conserve and restore coast habitats and ecosystems. A coastal ecosystem is a region that includes estuaries‚ coastal waters‚ and adjacent land. Rivers and streams will enter the sea or the ocean in this region. Coastal ecosystems include areas such as shore lands‚ barrier islands‚ dunes‚ coral reefs‚ headlands‚ lagoons‚
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Case Study 1: Great Barrier Reef - 1. Introduction Coral reefs are on the most complex ecosystems on earth. They are predominantly found in the Indian Ocean and on the Western edges of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. The global distribution of coral reefs is influenced by a number of factors‚ including life and sea surface temperature. Coral reefs require such a unique set of biophysical interactions that they are highly vulnerable to human-induced change. For example‚ just a small change in sea
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