Le Chatelier’s principle and chemical equilibrium systems Jan Samuel Matuba‚ Mark Cel Gonzaga Chemical Engineering Department‚ College of Engineering‚ University of the Philippines‚ Diliman 1100 ------------------------------------------------- January 11‚ 2012 DISCUSSION Reaction rates determine the speed at which products are formed from the reactants. Expressed as concentration divided by time‚ reaction rates measure the rate of disappearance of the reactants‚ and‚ conversely‚ the rate
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TITRATION • reducing agents used as standard solutions: ferrous sulfate‚ FeSO4 oxalic acid‚ H2C2O4 sodium oxalate‚ Na2C2O4 sodium thiosulfate‚ Na2S2O3 titanous chloride‚ TiCl2 REDOX TITRATION • important redox titration combinations: potassium permanganate and ferrous salts potassium dichromate and ferrous salts potassium permanganate and sodium oxalate iodine and sodium thiosulfate REDOX TITRATION CURVES • resembles the curve for acid-base titration x-axis:
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Reactions & Nuclear Chemistry Assessment Task Assignment Question 1 Produce a summary reactions sheet for all the chemical reactions encountered in production of materials. Your summary should contain the following components a) Name of reaction b) General word equation c) Balance formulae equation d) An example of the reaction Question 2 What types of instruments and processes are used to detect radiation? The properties of nuclear radiation are used to detect their
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Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2.6H2O + H2C3O4 FeC2O4(s) + H2SO4 + (NH4)2SO4 + 6H2O FeC2O4 is finely divided precipitate and tends to be colloidal. However‚ heating the solution causes it to coagulate and facilitates separating the precipitate from the solution. Potassium oxalate is added to the FeC2O4 precipitate‚ which produces a slightly basic solution for the oxidation of the ferrous ion to the ferric ion‚ by hydroxide‚ H2O2. The following reaction takes place: H2O + HO2- +2Fe2+ 2Fe3+ + 3OH- The OH- ion concentration of
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the flame(ii) Crimson red(iii) Apple green(iv) Bluish green(v)No characteristic colour is imparted to the flame | Presence of Ca2+Presence of Sr2+Presence of Ba2+Presence of Cu2+Absence of Ca2+‚ Sr2+‚ Ba2+‚ Cu2+ | 5 | Ash test:To the salt added cobalt nitrate solution and dilute nitric acid. A filter paper dipped in this mixture was burnt. | (i) Green ash(ii) Blue ash(iii) Pink ash 2Co(NO3)2 2 CoO + 4NO2 + O2 ZnO + CoO CoZnO2 MgO + CuO
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Kidney stones are solid lumps of crystals that are separate from urine‚ and they build up on the inner surfaces of the kidneys. Kidneys are the bean shaped organs‚ in the middle part of the back. Each kidney is located in either side of the spine‚ just below the rib cage. Kidney stones can sometimes be undetected. You might not even know you have them‚ until it tries to come out of the urinary tract. Kidney stones have many symptoms. Some of which are: horrible lower back pain‚ pain in the rib
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test tubes to test which reaction will result in an insoluble solid. See method for more detail. It is expected that the following compounds will form precipitates Silver Sulphate‚ Copper Hydroxide‚ Copper Iodide‚ Silver Hydroxide‚ Silver Iodide‚ Cobalt Hydroxide and two Silver Chlorides. This was worked out by completing the double displacement reactions and using a table of solubilities. (See appendix one & two) In any experiment involving chemicals a hard wearing plastic apron‚ safety glasses
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and ammonium salts are precipitated as a yellow solid. AIM To prepare sodium hexanitrocobaltate (III) from pure potassium-free sodium nitrite‚ cobalt nitrate hexahydrate‚ 50% acetic acid and 95% ethanol. THEORY In this practical‚ the nitrite ions acts as an oxidant and a ligand [2]. Co2+ (aq) is more stable than Co3+ (aq)‚ however when cobalt attaches to nitrogen containing ligands‚ Co3+ becomes the more stable ion [2]. Initially‚ the hexanitrocbaltate reduces the excess nitrite. The reaction
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Uses of radioisotopes Nuclear Power Note: nuclear power works by radioactivity “Radioisotopes are naturally occurring or synthetic radioactive form of an element. Most radioisotopes are made by bombarding a stable element with neutrons in the core of a nuclear reactor. The radiations given off by radioisotopes are easy to detect. Most natural isotopes of relative atomic mass less than 208 are not radioactive. Those from 210 and up are all radioactive.”(Radioisotope - Hutchinson Encyclopedia)
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(WC) are widely used as wear resistant components such as seal‚ valves‚ rings‚ nozzle and bearings. But in some processing operations‚ the environment necessarily includes severe corrosion or extremes of temperatures. In this research‚ commercially cobalt tungsten carbide (WC-6%Co) and nickel tungsten carbide (WC-9%Ni) was examined in seawater (3.5% salinity) to know the effect of temperature on corrosion for both of this materials. Other than that‚ changes on the surface microstructure before and
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