manufacturing or trading‚ require cost accounting to track their activities.[1] Cost accounting has long been used to help managers understand the costs of running a business. Modern cost accounting originated during the industrial revolution‚ when the complexities of running a large scale business led to the development of systems for recording and tracking costs to help business owners and managers make decisions. In the early industrial age‚ most of the costs incurred by a business were what modern
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Cost of Capital Definition: cost of capital is the rate of return that a company must earn on its project investments to maintain its market value and attract funds. The cost of capital to a company is the minimum rate of return that is must earn on its investments in order to satisfy the various categories of investors‚ who have made investments in the form of shares ‚ debentures and loans. The cost of capital in operational terms refers to the discount rate that would be used in determining the
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HISTORY OF COCA COLA Birth of Refreshing Idea The product that has given the world its best-known taste was born in Atlanta‚ Georgia‚ on May 8‚ 1886. Dr. John Stith Pemberton‚ a local pharmacist‚ produced the syrup for Coca-Cola®‚ and carried a jug of the new product down the street to Jacobs’ Pharmacy‚ where it was sampled‚ pronounced "excellent" and placed on sale for five cents a glass as a soda fountain drink. Carbonated water was teamed with the new syrup to produce a drink
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P 69‚994. If the cost of making a forging is P 56 per unit and its selling price is P 135 per forged unit‚ find the number of unit to be forged to break-even. Solution: Let: x = number of units to be forged to break-even Income = 135x Expenses = 69‚994 + 56x To break-even: Income = Expenses 135x = 69‚994 + 56x 79x =69‚994 x = 886 units Steel drum manufacturer incurs a yearly fixed operating cost of $ 200‚000. Each drum manufactured costs $ 160 to produce and
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ENTERPRISE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF JV "COCA-COLA ALMATY BOTTLERS" LLP) Prepared by: TANYA DIMURINA LYAZZAT RYATOVA GABIDA SANDYBEKOVA RUSTAM SHAEKIN ASEL SHAUENOVA Almaty 2005 THE TABLE OF CONTENT _3INTRODUCTION �_ _4CHAPTER 1. ESSENCE OF ADVERTISING AND ITS BASIC CHARACTERISTICS �_ 41.1. CONCEPT OF ADVERTISING AND TYPES OF ADVERTISING � 61.2 THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS OF ADVERTISING ACTIVITY AT THE COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISE � _8CHAPTER 2. ADVERTISING ACTIVITY OF JV "COCA-COLA ALMATY BOTTLERS" LLP �_ 82
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Managing Cost of Quality: Insight into Industry Practice Andrea Schiffauerova *‚ Vince Thomson ** * École Polytechnique de Montréal‚ Department of Mathematics and Industrial Engineering‚ Montreal ** Department of Mechanical Engineering‚ McGill University‚ Montreal‚ Canada Article Reference: Schiffauerova‚ A. and Thomson‚ V.‚ “Managing cost of quality: Insight into industry practice”‚ The TQM Magazine‚ 2006 Abstract This paper reports on the study of the quality costing practices at four large
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Ravinder Gahlout(12P098) Srinivasan Ramesh(12P108) Vipul Garg(12P118) Submitted By: 2012 Table of Contents Introduction 3 ASIC Division - Cost Pools 4 Cost accounting system at ASIC: 5 Internal and external customer: 6 Situation at ASIC division (as on March 1996) 7 Western Digital Proposal 7 Capacity Analysis 8 Diferential Manufacturing Cost Budget 10 Introduction Sub Micron Devices started its operations in mind 1980s. The company was located in Phoenix‚ Arizona‚ and had 400 employees
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JOURNAL OF FINANCE • VOL. LIII‚ NO. 4 • AUGUST 1998 Agency Costs‚ Risk Management‚ and Capital Structure HAYNE E. LELAND* ABSTRACT The joint determination of capital structure and investment risk is examined. Optimal capital structure ref lects both the tax advantages of debt less default costs ~Modigliani and Miller ~1958‚ 1963!!‚ and the agency costs resulting from asset substitution ~Jensen and Meckling ~1976!!. Agency costs restrict leverage and debt maturity and increase yield spreads
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Coca Cola: International Marketing Mix INTRODUCTION: This scope of this essay is to discuss the international marketing mix of Coca Cola‚ which is one of the biggest brands in the world. The debate between the global standardization and local adaptation of the marketing mix has been going on for more than four decades without a resolution (Agrawal‚ 1995) and globalization trends starting in the early 1980’s has further fueled the debate (Jeong‚ 2000). This has led the global companies to make the
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India History Background Coke and Pepsi Learn to Compete in India Case Summary Indian softdrinks Market Six product segments-Economic crisis of 1991 leaving consumers with little choice of brands -1986 “Pepsi Foods Ltd.” “Lehar Pepsi” -1990 Coca-Cola Reenters market with joint venture “Britco Foods” -Later partner with Parle Advertising Pepsi and Coke sponsor TV campaigns‚ Urban Youth‚ Cultural Festivals and Sports Fans. Both Pepsi and Coke look to expand into other markets (fruit juices‚ bottled
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