Foundations of Psychology PSY300 January 14‚ 2013 Dan Erickson Ph.D. Foundations of Psychology Psychology represents a science that studies mental process as well as behaviors. To best understand mental processes and behaviors four major psychological schools of thoughts are applied; psychodynamic‚ behavioral‚ cognitive as well as evolutionary perspectives. Psychology has developed over years from having beginnings relating to philosophy to expanded studies of biopsychology. The four major
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What is Psychology? What exactly is psychology? Popular television programs‚ books‚ and films have contributed to a a number of misconceptions about this subject. The diverse careers paths of those holding psychology degrees also contribute to this confusion. Psychology is both an applied and academic field that studies the human mind and behavior. Research in psychology seeks to understand and explain how we think‚ act and feel. As most people already realize‚ a large part of psychology is devoted
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influential theories on cognitive development comes from Jean Piaget‚ a Swiss developmental psychologist and philosopher. To Piaget‚ cognitive development was a progressive reorganization of mental processes as a result of biological maturation and environmental experience. His ideas have generated a lot of research into cognitive development which has significantly improved our understanding on the topic. He is well-known for his studies with children and his theory that cognitive capabilities shown
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2.Personality psychology shares with clinical psychology A) an emphasis on mental health and the treatment of psychological problems. *B) a common obligation to try to understand the whole person. C) a requirement that both personality psychologists and clinical psychologists be licensed. D) the fact that both personality psychologists and clinical psychologists are usually in private practice rather than universities. 3.Personality psychology and clinical psychology overlap most often
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The theory of Cognitive Dissonance states that when individuals are presented with information that implies we act in a way that contradicts our moral standards‚ we experience discomfort (Aronson‚ Wilson‚ and Akert‚ 1998‚ P. 191). This is considered Cognitive Dissonance‚ A psychological term used to describe mental conflict that occurs when beliefs or assumptions are contradicted by new information; arouses unease or tension; relieved by one of several defensive maneuvers: rejecting‚ explaining
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According to cognitive dissonance theory‚ there is a tendency for individuals to seek consistency among their cognitions (beliefs‚ expectations‚ or opinions of a particular individual). When inconsistency does exist between these beliefs or attitudes‚ psychological tension (dissonance) occurs and must be resolved through some action. This tension most often results when an individual must choose between two incompatible beliefs or actions and is heightened when alternatives are equally attractive
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Introduction: The History of Psychology Philosophical Background Psychology has no definite‚ absolute beginning‚ but there is speculation that early humans were curious about human nature. Serious study of the human psyche began in ancient times‚ with ancient philosophers began to record their findings and thoughts about behavior and the nature of the human mind. The name psychology ’ is from the two Greek roots‚ psyche and logos‚ which mean "mind" and "study‚" respectively. Psychological thought
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Introduction Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development Piaget was an individual who influenced research in childhood development in various ways. Most investigators were aware of Piagets work in the 1930s‚ however they did not grant much attention to it because his ideas were odd when it dealt with behaviorism. Up until the 1960s then Psychologist began to investigate his theories. Piaget is known for developing the Cognitive-Developmental Theory‚ which consists of four different stages. His view
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Outline 1. Cognitive Linguistics: some basic facts 2. Branches of Cognitive Linguistics 1. Cognitive Linguistics: some basic facts What is cognitive linguistics? Cognitive linguistics is a branch of linguistics that focuses on the conceptual structures and cognitive processes that underlie linguistic representation and grammar in language. [3] Cognitive linguistics is the study of language in its cognitive function‚ where “cognitive” refers to the crucial role of intermediate
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Psychology is commonly defined as ’scientific ’ study of human behaviour and cognitive processes. Broadly speaking the discussion focuses on the different branches of psychology‚ and if they are indeed scientific. However‚ it is integral in this to debate to understand exactly the major features of a science‚ in order to judge if psychology is in fact one. There must be a definable subject matter - this changed from conscious human thought to human and non-human behaviour‚ then to cognitive processes
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