CHAPTER 1 What is Psychology? Psychology is the science of behavior and mental processes Thinking critically with Psychology Hindsight bias- Common Sense describes what has happened after the fact more easily than it predicts what will happen before the fact Common sense is a poor guide The Scientific Method Theory- an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations Hypothesis- a testable prediction implied by a theory Simple Observation- simply observing
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DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY – Bandura et al.: Background Behaviourism Some developmental psychologists are particularly interested in how human beings (and other animals) learn things. Obviously‚ we learn from experience and one of the first psychologists to study this was John B Watson‚ over a hundred years ago. Watson founded a branch of psychology called Behaviourism. As the name suggests‚ Behaviourist psychologists look at behaviour and tend to ignore cognitions and other “invisible” processes
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based on analysis of two important components‚ • Cognitive component. • Affective components. Cognitive component consists of the knowledge and perception that are acquired by a combination of direct experience with the attitude object and related information from various sources. Affective component consists of emotions and feelings about a particular product or brand. So here are advertisements from which cognitive components will be described. [pic] The advertisement
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The Psychodynamic Approach The psychodynamic approach was developed by Sigmund Freud around 1890. Freud was a neurologist at the university of Vienna‚ by 1885 Freud was a given a scholarship to work alongside Charcot who specialised in treating patients with unsolved physical symptoms (McLeod‚ 2007). Freud was influenced by Charcot’s work on traumatic hysteria which looked at how traumatic experiences affected the unconscious mind (Cherry‚ 2013). Freud also found a lot of interest in Breuer’s case
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2. You ask your academic advisor what to major in‚ as you can’t seem to decide. She suggests psychology; however‚ it is important to remember that this answer likely reflects her: Correct answer: Values. (Page 9) Social psychologists’ values penetrate their work in obvious ways‚ such as their choice of research topics and the types of people who are attracted to various fields of study. 3. When asked who you think will win the next presidential election‚ you reply that you do not know. However
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Personality Psychology Reflective Essay Throughout the semester we learned about six domains of knowledge that define an individual’s personality. The first domain of knowledge is the dispositional domain and it explains who we are and how we are different from each other. The second domain of knowledge is the biological domain and it explains the facets of an individual’s personality that are dictated by an individual’s genetics‚ psychophysiology and evolution. The third domain of knowledge
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Abnormal Psychology Essentials of Abnormal Psychology Chapter 1 Summary Psychopathology is a field of psychology that focuses on the scientific study of psychological disorders. Psychological disorders can be defined into three specific abnormalities. First is a psychological dysfunction. A psychological dysfunction is a cognitive‚ emotional or behavioral breakdown in function. The text uses an example of a 16-year-old girl who faints
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Chapter 8: Cognitive Development: Piaget and Vygotsky Cognition is the term used to describe the mental activity through which human beings acquire‚ remember‚ and learn to use knowledge. Cognition includes many mental processes‚ such as perception‚ attention‚ learning‚ memory‚ and reasoning. Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development • Piaget made two important observations: o He noticed that children of the same ages tended to get the same answers wrong o He noticed
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1. Cognitive reappraisal is the ability to reassess the cause of an emotional state by reinterpreting it in order to conciliate the response. Career outcome response is a process that one goes through when deciding on a future career while focusing on the consequences and rewards involved in their career choice. Interpersonal Schema is having an expectation on whether intimate relationships fulfill or deny emotional and psychological necessities. 2. An example of cognitive reappraisal is when my
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Individual Assignment: Biological Psychology Paper • Resources: Assigned readings‚ Electronic Reserve Readings‚ the Internet‚ and/or other sources • Prepare a 700- to 1‚050-word paper in which you analyze biological psychology. Be sure to address the following items in your analysis: o Define biological psychology and examine its historical development. o Identify three influential theorists associated with biological psychology. o Describe the relationship
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