AI FOR COGNINITIVE RADIO Abstract: Cognitive radio (CR) is an enabling technology for numerous new capabilities such as spectrum access‚ spectrum sensing‚ spectrum decision‚ spectrum sharing and self organizing networks. This paper reviews several AI techniques used in cognitive radios such as : artificial neural network (ANN)‚ hidden Markov models (HMMs)‚ metahueristic algorithms‚ these techniques are proposed to provide the cognition capability in a cognitive engine. The modern
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A Survey of Cognitive Radio Systems Željko Tabaković Croatian Post and Electronic Communications Agency‚ Jurišićeva 13‚ Zagreb‚ Croatia zeljko.tabakovic@hakom.hr Abstract - A fundamental problem facing the future wireless systems is where to find suitable spectrum bands to meet the demand of future services. While essentially all of the radio spectrum is allocated to different services‚ applications and users‚ observation provide evidence that usage of the spectrum is actually quite low.
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International Workshop on Cognitive Incromation Processing (CIP) A Cognitive Scheme for Radio Admission Control in LTE systems Biljana Bojovic‚ Nicola Baldo and Paolo Dini Centre Tecnol`ogic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)‚ IP Technologies Area Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 7‚ Castelldefels (Barcelona)‚ Spain {bbojovic‚ nbaldo‚ pdini}@cttc.es Abstract— In order to provide QoS requirements in high speed future communication networks‚ such as LTE‚ the operator has to provide a Radio Admission Control
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Abstract: A cognitive radio (CR) network is a multiuser system. Cognitive users(CU) compete for limited resources in an opportunistic manner by interacting with each other for access to the available resources. In CR networks‚ proper power controlling is important to ensure efficient operation of both primary and cognitive users. In this paper‚ an algorithm is used to dynamically control transmission power‚ which is capable of achieving reasonably good solutions fast enough in order to guarantee
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Joe Clark January 21‚ 2002 Mrs. Perkins AP U.S. History The radio has evolved over time. The radio we listen to today has a different format‚ purpose‚ viewer reach‚ and clarity than it did before the 1950s. The radio has survived the threat of the television industry by changing with the times. It has been dealt with in the law through acts and the creation of the government regulating agency (FCC). Today the radio is the cheapest and most affective way to communicate with everyone around the
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A PROJECT REPORT ON A STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF ADVERTISEMENT ON RADIO Submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree of MASTERS IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY PRIYANKA GARG EKTA RAWAL (07080003912) (ASSISTANT PROFESSOR) GIBS GITARATTAN INTERNATIONAL
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Radio has been one of the most important inventions that continues to aide civilization to this day. In scientific terms‚ radio is part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Electromagnetic waves push into space going the speed of light‚ which is 300‚000 kilometers per second. When equipment is attached to an antenna‚ the energy becomes radio waves. Some of the energy can be received by another antenna‚ and using a radio receiver‚ the energy connects the transmitter and receiver. Information that is added
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Objectives 1. Define radio in the field of communication in the digital age (convergence‚ niching‚ synergy) 2. Enumerate the aural platforms (terrestrial radio‚ online radio‚ CD’s‚ mobile phone‚ podcasting‚ etc.) 3. Describe the characteristics of radio and related media (portable‚ intimate‚ etc.). 4. Compare radio and related media with other forms of media (consumption and production). PART 1: THE RADIO Basically‚ a radio is an electronic technology that enables communication between
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research on radio waves‚ to us‚ radio waves were just waves going through the atmosphere‚ carrying sound from one place to another. Those were our ignorant days! We did not realize the complicated terms and theories involved. In the following report you will see how we advanced in our knowledge of radio waves‚ and we hope it will do the same for you. Radio waves are a combination of two kinds of electric vibrations. Audio frequency waves‚ which represent voice and other sounds and radio frequency
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The Radio Pakistan Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation (PBC) As observed in the case of television‚ the state maintained a position of monopoly in the radio sector until the2002 liberalisation of the media and PEMRA’s emergence as a broadcasting licences-awarding authority. Sincethen‚ there has been a steady growth in FM radio stations across the country. According to figures from 2009‚ there are presently 40 FM radio stations operating in Pakistan. After an initial surge in new radio stations‚
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