1) Compare and contrast utilitarianism versus universalism. Utilitarianism comprises of two types of criteria which is rule based and act based. Rule-based utilitarianism argues that general principles are used as criteria for deciding the greatest benefit to be achieved from acting in a certain way. Act based utilitarians on the other hand analyze a particular action or behavior to determine whether the greatest utility or good can be achieved. Utilitarianism also includes the following tenets
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The theory of cognitive development is defined as the development of the ability to think and reason. There are many theorists who have studied cognitive theories and the most famous is Jean Piaget. Cognitive development covers the physical and emotional stages of a child. The basic premise for cognitive development is to show the different stages of the development of a child so you can understand where the child might be in their development. Understanding cognitive development will better
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characterized by a combination of tradition and change. Research shows that there are similarities and differences in adolescents from differing ethnicities. There are human developmental periods and process which are determined by biological‚ cognitive and socioemotional processes. There are periods in human development which span from Childhood‚ Adolescence‚ Adulthood and Late Adulthood. There are two important transitions from childhood to adolescence and from adolescence to adulthood. In the
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Jean Piagets theory Piaget’s theory is based on stages‚ whereby each stage represents a qualitatively different type of thinking. Children in stage one cannot think the same as children in stage 2‚ 3 or 4 etc. Transitions from one stage to another are generally very fast‚ and the stages always follow an invariant sequence. Another important characteristic of his stage theory is that they are universal; the stages will work for everyone in the world regardless of their differences (except their
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Chapter 7: Jean Piaget’s cognitive theory of child development Preoperational stage: Ages 2-7 Operations: reversible mental actions that allow children to do mentally what they formerly did physically The symbolic function sub-stage: ages 2-4 (1st sub-stage) Egocentrism: cannot distinguish one’s own perspective and someone else’s perspective (dolls and their own. They choose their own) Animism: belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities and are capable of action. (the sidewalk tripped
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Piaget was the first psychologist to make a systematic study of cognitive development. Piaget was interested in how intelligence itself changes as children grow which he called genetic epistemology. Genetic epistemology was based on the 19th century biological concept of recapitulation (Piaget was a biologist first whom later trained as a psychologist). It was thought before piaget’s studies that children were merely less competent thinkers than adults. However‚ through his findings‚ Piaget showed
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Issues Today: Universalism vs. Cultural Relativism One of the most pertinent issues of the past twenty years has been the conflict between two different ideologies of human rights on a national scale‚ universalism‚ and cultural relativism. Universalism holds that more “primitive” cultures will eventually evolve to have the same system of law and rights as Western cultures. Cultural relativists hold an opposite‚ but similarly rigid viewpoint‚ that a traditional culture is unchangeable. In universalism
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and Development Piaget’s Theories: Educational Principles and Preoperational Stage Limitations Tatiane Boyd March 20‚ 2015 Educational Principles Derived from Piaget’s Theory Educational principles derived from Piaget’s theory continue on having a major impact on both teacher training and classroom practices. His theories have influenced a number of educational principles‚ especially at the preschool and early primary levels. (Beck‚ L. 2014) His theory of cognitive development focuses on
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theorists and their difference of their cognitive development. Jean Piaget vs. Lev Vygotsky Jean Piaget cognitive development theory explained the changes of logical thinking of children and adolescent. Piaget suggested that children advance four stages based on maturity and experience. Piaget suggested... 1. Children are active learner who learns from their own environment. 2. Children learn through assimilation and accommodation with the complex cognitive development. 3. Children interaction with
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different views and theories. Every psychologist has his own theories about how a human develops mentally‚ physically and‚ emotionally from childhood to adulthood. I would like to discuss three psychologists Ivan Pavlov and his theory of classical conditioning‚ Jean Piaget’s cognitive theory and‚ Albert Bandura and his social cognitive theory. These developmental theories have similarities and differences which I will be discussing further in this paper. The first developmental theory I will be discussing
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