Polypeptides‚ better known as proteins‚ carry out nearly all of a cell’s functions. A protein is made up of at least one or more amino acid polymers. The necessity of proteins for life is unequivocal‚ not only do they help to form the structures of cells but they act as enzymes in reactions of the body1. Enzymes are biological catalysts that lower the amount of activation energy needed in carrying out biochemical reactions1. Enzymes are responsible for almost every reaction that occurs in a cell
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10.1 OVERVIEW OF MUSCULAR TISSUE Types of muscular tissue There are 3 types of muscular tissue: skeletal‚ cardiac‚ & smooth. All 3 may share some things but they differ from one another in their microscopic anatomy‚ location‚ & how they are controlled by the nervous and endocrine systems Skeletal muscle tissue function of most is to move bones of the skeleton (are few that attach to other structures ex--the skin). Muscle tissue is striated b/c alternating light and dark protein bands (striations)
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dermis‚ and gives strength to the skin. The many functions of the dermis is protection‚ sensory‚ temperature regulation‚ and site of glands and hair follicles. The papillary layer is thin and bumpy‚ which is made up of loose connective tissue and collagen fibers. This layer makes fingerprints! The reticular layer is made up of dense network of
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friction and rubbing of the bones and joints. Not all joints have a wider range of movement. Some allow for growth or for more stability. The bones in these joints are normally held together by cartilage or tough fibres made of substances called collagen. Fixed joints – Fixed joints are fibrous and are not able to move. They are interlocked and overlap each other. These joints are held together by lots of tissue. An example of this joint is the cranium. The cranium at birth is not quite fused;
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the inflammation phase‚ in which the body response to the injury. Third stage is the proliferation which is the growth of new tissues. And lastly‚ the remodeling phase which is the final phase when the wound has closed. It’s the remodeling of the collagen‚ this phase can last for almost a year or
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dryness‚ an overall dull appearance due to thinning of the epidermis‚ and thickening of the stratum corneum (7‚ 8). Complete renewal of the epidermis requires 40-60 days in the elderly compared to 28 days in young adults (9). Dermal collagen fibrils harden‚ and collagen production decreases on average by 68% by age eighty (10‚ 11). An obvious clinical example of intrinsic versus extrinsic aging can be seen by comparing sun-exposed facial skin to the sun-protected skin of the upper inner arm. In most
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The Structure and Function Relationships of Proteins Proteins are a group of organic compounds whose molecules consist of carbon‚ hydrogen‚ oxygen‚ nitrogen and sometimes sulfur atoms. They are condensation polymers of amino acids that are joined by strong peptide bonds. There are 20 different types of amino acids available‚ and the different combinations of these amino acids give it different structures and specific functions to it. Below in this essay‚ will illustrate the how different structure
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Bacteria have to developed a variety of mechanisms that allow them to enter the cells of their host‚ whether to replicate or to transmit the pathogen. One method of this is through pili. Pili are thin rods anchored to the outer membrane of bacteria with an adhesin at the tip. This adhesin is what gives the bacteria their binding specificity. Pili can serve a variety of roles such as‚ adhesion or the transfer of material during bacterial conjugation. Fimbria are a type of pili that are solely for
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that forms‚ this tube is called the lumen. There are three layers of the tunica interna: the innermost layer is called endothelium‚ the next layer is called the basement membrane which provides support for the epithelial layer which is made from collagen fibers and has tensile strength. This gives flexibility
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1.INTRODUCTION Inflammation is the body’s immediate response to damage of its tissues and cells by pathogens‚ harmful stimuli‚ or physical injury. The inflammatory process is characterized by redness‚ swelling‚ an increase in temperature‚ loss of normal bodily function and pain. Inflammation is a protective response by the body towards cell injury. Cell injury may be due to; necrotic cells or tissue‚ the introduction of microbes (such as viruses or bacteria)‚ toxins‚ hypoxia‚ etc. Inflammation
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