The arts deal in the particular‚ the individual and the personal while the sciences deal in the general‚ the universal and the collective." To what extent does this statement obscure the nature of both areas of knowledge? The arts became a necessity only after physiological‚ safety‚ social and self esteem needs had been fulfilled by an individual. It is said that “the arts are a way of expressing emotion”. Thus‚ it is separated from science‚ in which everything is objective and emotion free
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ID4.4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations & Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background‚ Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR‚ Various factors influencing IR‚ HR approach to IR‚ Essentials of sound IR policy‚ IR Strategies‚ Legal frame work of IR‚ Community of IR. Proactive IR‚ Industrial conflicts‚ Disputes‚ Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India‚ National level federations‚ Trade union problems‚ Trade union Organization
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four main purposes of punishment – incapacitation‚ deterrence‚ retribution and rehabilitation – and the aim of this paper is to describe and analyze them and also to determine which purpose might be regarded as the most important. The first aim of the punishment that needs to be described is incapacitation. Incapacitation means that an offender deprives the ability to commit further crimes. It might be achieved by diverse methods. For instance‚ incapacitation by cutting off thieves’ hands‚ as it
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What We Know and What Needs to be Done.” Criminal Justince and Behavior‚ 144-161. Van Voorhis‚ P.‚ Braswell‚ M.‚ and Lester D. (2009). “Correctional Counseling and Rehabilitation.” (7th edition). LexisNexis Publishing. Visher‚ C. A. (1987). "Incapacitation and Crime Control: Does a ’Lock ’Em Up ’ Strategy Reduce Crime?" Justice Quarterly 4:413-543. Stracke‚ N. (2010). Arab prisons: a place for dialogue and reform. Terrorism Research Initiative‚ 1(4). Taarnby‚ M. (2005). Yemen’s committee for
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and complete this task. The four theories are deterrence‚ incapacitation‚ rehabilitation and restorative justice. In the early 1900’s rehabilitation had emerged as the primary theory of corrections and shaped every aspect of correctional policy and practice. Then in the 1960’s and 1970’s rehabilitation was attacked for not having evidentiary standing and in the resulting turmoil came about the other theories of deterrence‚ incapacitation and restorative justice. Rehabilitation though was unjustly
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Exam 4 Study Guide Sentencing 1. The 5 philosophies of purpose of punishment (purposes‚ examples‚ pros and cons): a. Deterrence (specific and general) b. Incapacitation c. Retribution d. Rehabilitation e. Restorative Justice 2. Corporal Punishment 3. History of punishment- banishment‚ sterilization‚ transportation 4. Civil commitment 5. Legally sane / insanity / guilty but mentally ill 6. What factors could prevent a fair sentence in court? 7. Presentence investigation report 8. Indeterminate
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Retribution‚ Deterrence‚ Rehabilitation‚ and Incapacitation In the Criminal Justice System there are many different systems that work together to form policies which are created by the Federal Government. These policies are also applied to the state and local systems. There are four major philosophies which pertain to the felonies that have been committed. They are Retribution‚ Deterrence‚ Rehabilitation‚ and Incapacitation. Deterrence is in which people believe the offender should be punished
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the belief that imposing a harsh sentence upon a particular individual will discourage him/her from every offending again. Incapacitation is the theory that a person cannot commit a crime if he/she is incarcerated. Selective incapacitation is recommends harsh sentencing for recidivist offenders and those who have committed particularly heinous crimes. Collective incapacitation recommends a lengthy sentence for those who commit a particular type of crime. Rehabilitation is based on the belief that
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Corrections have an important place in society. There are eight philosophies of punishment in which humanity adhere. The theories of punishment are retribution‚ deterrence‚ rehabilitation‚ isolation‚ incapacitation‚ reintegration‚ restitution‚ and restoration. This essay will explain the philosophies and how it is applied in corrections today. First‚ the oldest form of punishment is retribution. Retribution is essentially revenge. There is evidence revenge occurred in 18 B.C.E. in the Code of Hammurabi
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DETERRANCE‚ INCAPACITATION‚ RETRIBUTION‚ AND REHABILITATION: Modern criminal justice systems are base don several rationales (razones). 1. Threat (amenaza) of punishment dissuades potential offenders from breaking the law 2. Locking criminals up (encerrando los criminales) keeps them from victimizing more people. 3. Those who violate the law deserve (merecen) to be punished. And others: criminal justice system is to reform offenders through treatment. Deterrence (prevenir) Deterrence
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