Title: Competing Nucleophiles (Exp 24‚ pp 211-221‚ pp 808-823‚ pp 836-842) Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to determine the nucleophilic strength of chloride and bromide ions as it reacts with 1-butanol (n-butyl) and 2-methyl-2-propanol (t-butyl alcohol) under SN1 and SN2 conditions. Method: 40 g of ice and approximately 30 ml of sulfuric acid is cautiously added to a 100 mL beaker respectively. Weigh 7.6 g of ammonium chloride and 14.0 g of ammonium bromide and place it in
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List of Chemistry Terms used in daily life α (alpha)‚ β (beta) α- (β-‚ γ-) ray spectrometer α-addition (alpha-addition) α-cleavage (alpha-cleavage) α-decay (alpha-decay) α-effect α-elimination α-expulsion in photochemistry α-oxo carbenes α-particle (alpha-particle) ’A’ value -factorquantity ab initio quantum mechanical methods abatement in atmospheric chemistry abeo- abiological abiotic abiotic transformation absolute activation analysis absolute activity‚ quantity absolute
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6 Determination of Michaelis-Menten Constant 7 3.7 Ammonium Sulphate Fractionation 7 3.8 Gel Filtration on Sephadex 7 3.9 Chromatography on DEAE-cellulose 7 4 Results 8 4.1 Freshly Prepared Crude 8 4.2 Crude Thawed after a Week of Freezing 9 4.3 Sephadex 25 Gel Filtration 11 4.4 Determination of Optimum pH 12 4.5 Ion Exchange Chromatography 13 4.6 Michaelis-Menten Kinetics 13 5 Discussion and Conclusion 14 6 5.0 Works Cited 14 7 Appendix 15 Introduction
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chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments by using acetone as the solvent. The chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments were extracted by using column chromography and alumina was used as the solvent. Solvents of different polarities were used‚ starting with the least polar‚ to extract the certain components from the leaves. They were then analyzed by using thin- layer chromatography. Procedure: The first part of the experiment dealt with breaking down the spinach leaves in a mortar and pestle. Acetone was
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Fos 108 review Math refresher 1. Qualitative = IDENTITY of a material‚ Quantitative = PERCENT COMBINATION‚ order of operations PEMDAS‚ 2. Units of length: meters (m) a. millimeters (mm): 1mm = 1-3m = 1/1000 m b. centimeters (cm): 1cm = 1-2m = 1/100 m c. kilometers (km): 1km = 13m = 1000m 3. Units of mass/weight: grams (g) a. milligrams (mg): 1mg = 1-3g = 1/1000 g b. kilograms (kg): 1kg = 13g = 1000g 4. Units of volume: liters (L) a. milliliters (mL): 1mL = 1-3L = 1/1000 L Percent of
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MIXTURES‚ SOLUTIONS‚ SUSPENSIONS AND COLLOIDS MIXTURES A mixture is a combination made up of two or more different substances which are mixed but are not chemically bonded. There are also types of mixtures such as homogeneous mixtures and heterogeneous mixtures. SOLUTIONS A solution is defined as a homogeneous mixture composed of a solute; a substance dissolved into another substance known as a solvent. They can also be defined as groups of molecules that are mixed up completely in even
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notes on the relationship between the structure‚ properties and functions of glycogen and cellulose. 10) Write notes on the 3 main types of column chromatography (not HPLC)‚ explaining their mode of action and principal uses. 11) Write notes on TWO of the following chromatographic techniques: Thin layer chromatography‚ gel (size exclusion) chromatography‚ ion exchange
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this experiment‚ a mixture of two compounds‚ cyclohexane and toluene‚ was separated into fractions by the techniques of simple and fractional distillation. The individual fractions that were gathered from the distillation were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and used to compare the efficiencies of the two different distillation techniques. The ultimate goal of this experiment was to determine whether simple or fractional distillation was the more efficient means of separating volatile compounds
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Yuri Anthony D. Sucgang BMLS-IA Electrophoresis Machine Gel Electrophoresis Apparatus(Aragose Gel) Electrophoresis is the motion of dispersed particles relative to a fluid under the influence of a spatially uniform electric field. Gel electrophoresis is a laboratory procedure used to separate biological molecules with an electrical current. In this lesson‚ we’ll review how agarose gel electrophoresis works and introduce the equipment necessary to perform an electrophoresis experiment.
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It is well recognized now that column band broadening originates from three main sources: 1. multiple path of an analyte through the column packing; 2. molecular diffusion; 3. effect of mass transfer between phases. In 1956 J.J. Van Deemter introduced the equation which combined all three sources and represented them as the dependence of the theoretical plate height (HETP) on the mobile phase linear velocity. Originally‚ it was introduced for gas chromatography‚ but it happened that the same
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