Salinity is the measure and concentration of all the salts dissolved in water. Usually measured in parts per thousand (ppt or )‚ ocean salinity is 35ppt and the average river water salinity is 0.5ppt or less (University of Rhode Island). Many factors go into salinity‚ making water salty. To name a few‚ salinity affects the environment through sediment from rocks washes into the ocean‚ evaporation of ocean water‚ and sea ice formation are known to increase the salinity of the ocean (NASA). It
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J. of Advanced Engineering and Technology Vol. 2‚ No. 2 (2009) pp. 281-283 Synthesis of 2-Acetylcyclohexanone Using Pyrrolidine-enamine Eun-SunYoo Department of Oriental Medicine Industry‚ Honam University‚ Korea (Received : May. 20‚ 2009‚ Revised : Jun. 02‚ 2009‚ Accepted : Jun. 12‚ 2009) Abstract : 2-Acetylcyclohexanone was synthesized by acylation reaction of acidic anhydride using enamine as organiocatalyst instead of a strong base‚ NaOH‚ resulting in milder reaction conditions. The
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De Footer‚ H.L.‚ & De Buyck‚ L.F. (1991). A comparative study of the essential oils from three Melaleuca species growing in Egypt. Flavour and Fragrance Journal‚ 6‚ 139–141. Adams‚ R.P. (1995). Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy. Carol Stream‚ IL: Allured Publ. Corp. Bailey‚ L.H. (1968). Manual of cultivated Plants (p. 726). New York: The MacMillan Company. Bentham‚ G. (1866). Flora of Australiensis: a description of the plants of the Australian territory
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Group 2 LS212 Science 8 Members: Cabatay‚ Christian George Castro‚ Aaron Kleber Dimaculangan‚ Martin Carandang‚ Morena Aura Co‚ Romina Rose Cornejo‚ Arianne Kayla Ingridients with specific amount | Nutritional value | Use / Purposes of the ingridients | Cell Processes involved | Remarks | 1 cup Vinegar | Calcium‚ magnesium‚ phosphorus and potassium. | Vinegar is an acid liquid obtained from an alcoholic liquid‚ as cider‚ by oxidation
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while Succinimide looked like crystals. The two mixed melting point range trials confirmed this. Unknown number 18 is Benzoic Acid. A possible alternative would be Succinimide‚ because of the close melting points. Another possible alternative is Fluorene‚ which melts at slightly lower temperatures than my unknown does. Benzoic Acid is C7H6O2. Its structure is: My percent recovery was 28.26%. During the dissolving of my unknown‚ there was still undissolved solid. This could have led to a smaller
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Chemical composition of the essential oil of Majorana hortensis grown in Uttaranchal Shishir Kumar Singh Abstract GLC and GC-MS Analysis was done to analyse the hydrodistilled essential oil of Majorana hortensis grown in Uttranchal state of India. The 36 compounds could be identified out of 50 by their mass spectra accounting for 93% of the oil. The major ones are trans-sabinene hydrate (41.2%)‚ terpinen-4-ol (18.5%)‚ cis-sabinene hydrate (9.3%)‚ a-terpineol (3.8%)
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Astaxanthin and its hydroxylated derivatives were purified from the carotenoids extract of N-5 using an open chromatography column of silica gel 60 coupled with a mobile phase of hexane−acetone (7:3‚ v/v). Using HPLC method C‚ a first fraction (1) was eluted at 16.66 min and gave a [M+ + 1] ion peak at m/z 629‚ corresponding to 2‚2′-dihydroxyastaxanthin. A second fraction
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Abstact 1) Introduction An adulterant is a chemical substance which should not be contained within other substances‚ such as food‚ beverages‚ fuels‚ for legal or other reasons. The addition of adulterants is called adulteration. The word is appropriate only when the additions are unwanted by the recipient. Otherwise the expression would be food additive. Adulterants when used in illicit drugs are called cutting agents‚ while deliberate addition of toxic adulterants to food or other products
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January 27‚ 2014 Introduction This laboratory has its first objective to familiarize with the thin layer chromatography (TLC) technique. Second‚ each student has to identify the unknown components by comparing it to one of the tree dissolved liquid analgesics: Acetaminophen‚ Aspirin and Caffeine. Finally‚ calculating the Rf value by measuring the mobile and stationary phase. Chromatography is a technique used to separate mixtures into their compounds. It’s based on a mobile phase and a stationary
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specific and accurate reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of chlorpheniramine maleate and phenylephrine in tablet dosage forms. A reversed-phase C-18 column (250 mm × 8 mm i.d.‚ particle size 10 µm) column with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer 55:45 (v/v) (pH 5.6 ± 0.02‚ adjusted with triethylamine) was used. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/ min and effluents were monitored at 255 nm. The retention times
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