Accounting Concepts Underlying Assumptions‚ Principles‚ and Conventions Assumptions The following are basic financial accounting assumptions: Separate entity assumption - the business is an entity that is separate and distinct from its owners‚ so that the finances of the firm are not co-mingled with the finances of the owners. • Going concern assumption - the business is going to be operating for the foreseeable future. Stable monetary unit assumption - e.g. the U.S. dollar • Fixed
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Running head: ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES Generally Accepted Accounting Principles P G HCS 571 June 5‚ 2013 Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP)‚ are standards and guidelines for financial accounting‚ and reporting‚ (Office of Financial Management‚ 2012). There are guidelines in effect for most organizations; GAAP ensures that the finances of an organization are correct. According to Cleverly‚ Song‚ and Cleverly (2011)‚ GAAP describes the “body
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Value added tax (VAT) in theory avoids the cascade effect of sales tax by taxing only the value added at each stage of production. For this reason‚ throughout the world‚ VAT has been gaining favour over traditional sales taxes. In principle‚ VAT applies to all provisions of goods and services. VAT is assessed and collected on the value of goods or services that have been provided every time there is a transaction (sale/purchase). The seller charges VAT to the buyer‚ and the seller pays this VAT to
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The estate tax in the United States is the tax made upon transfer of the taxable property of a deceased. It is also called inheritance tax. Such estate may include property inherited via a will‚ life insurance benefits to beneficiaries‚ securities‚ trusts‚ annuities‚ corporate or business interests and other assets. It consists of an accounting of all assets and its interests at the time of a person’s death. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW For the past 90 years throughout the history of America‚ the federal
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B6013 Spring 2010 B6013 - Financial Accounting Financial Assets and Liabilities Shareholder’s Equity Professor Urooj Khan o esso U ooj a Outline – Session 19 1. Financial Assets and Liabilities – Accounting for Financial Assets 2. Shareholder’s Equity – – – – Capital Stock Cisco Case Dividends and Share Repurchases Comprehensive I C h i Income B6013 Spring 2010 © Columbia Business School 2 Prof. Urooj Khan 1 B6013 Spring 2010 Background Readings and Practice Problems
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Nature of Accounting and the Accounting Standard Background Accounting is an important part for business and it is dubbed “language” of business activities conducted by firms. People think it is used to communicate business transactions per se to all stakeholders. However‚ some people argue that the functions of accounting are not that easy. Except the communication tool‚ accounting acts as many other difference roles in business. When doing accounting‚ different standard may be used. There are
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Who did it? eBay avoided £ 50m in tax Starbucks paid less than 1% tax on its profit IKEA halved its tax bill Former Italian Prime Minister Bersculoni List goes on…. How do they do it? Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) Sister Company Round Tripping Tax havens Influencing audit committees Who is affected? Government Less of taxes Profits siphoned off to other countries Fiscal deficit General public Less spending from govt.‚ less benefits
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state education and experience requirements for certification to become a CPA. Certified Public Accountants handle a variety of jobs and tasks. It is commonly said that all CPAs are accountants‚ but not all accountant are CPAs. They offer basic income tax preparation and advice for a range of clients including individuals‚ small businesses and corporations. CPAs can also be found performing basic business record keeping‚ auditing and consulting work. One of the more important roles CPAs can perform is
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Managerial Accounting What Does Managerial Accounting Mean? - The process of identifying‚ measuring‚ analyzing‚ interpreting‚ and communicating information for the pursuit of an organization’s goals. This is also known as "cost accounting." - Managerial accounting is used primarily by those within a company or organization. Reports can be generated for any period of time such as daily‚ weekly or monthly. Reports are considered to be "future looking" and have forecasting value to those within
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figure out a distribution involving many beneficiaries‚ the estate plan has the following flaws: 1) There are too many beneficiaries in the estate plan. 2) The estate plan has a complicated distribution formula. In the article The Estate Income Tax Returns: Execute the Plan‚ calculating the distribution written in the will forced me‚ as executor‚ to use an analysis pad‚ then an excel spreadsheet. The distribution formula consisted of twenty beneficiaries receiving different amounts of property
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