Definition of Tax ; The word ‘tax’ has been derived from the French word ‘taxe’ and the Latin word ‘taxare’ which means ‘to charge’. Tax is a contribution exacted by the state. It is a non-penal but compulsory and unrequited transfer of resources from the private to the public sector‚ levied on the basis of predetermined criteria. According to P. E. Taylor‚ “ Taxes are compulsory payment to government without expectation of direct return in benefit to the taxpayer. According to
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COUNSELLING IN NIGERIA: AN OVERVIEW BY C.N. UGWUEGBULAM‚ Ph.D.‚ JP. ALVAN IKOKU COLLEGE OF EDUCATION‚ OWERRI – IMO STATE‚ NIGERIA AND CUUU KADURUMBA (Ph.D.) COLLEGE OF FOOD PROCESSING AND STORAGE TECHNOLOGY‚ MICHAEL OKPARA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE‚ UMUDIKE‚ ABIA STATE‚ NIGERIA HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING IN NIGERIA Man from pre-historic times have been having challenges and solving them. Nigerians in the traditional set-up before the advent of formalized guidance and
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the report is an exploration of a career option and a Tax Auditor at Canada Revenue Agency. The purposes of this report are to not only prepare myself for the position by examining and learning but also introduce a different field of work to colleagues All residents in Canada must pay a tax and Canada Revenue Agency (CRA)‚ formally known as Revenue Canada‚ is a federal agency that has as its main function the administration of Canadian tax laws for most of the provinces and territories of Canada
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Introduction The income smoothing literature has been the centre of attention in the accounting world for the past few decades. When companies experience economic turbulence due to a poor performance year‚ they turn to the accounting management department to resolve the bottom line. A strategy that managers can approach is changing the true information content of the company. As a result this has led managers to resort to smoothing their income. Many questions have been raised whether or not it
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Abstract A psychological tax treatment goes beyond the traditional deterrence model and explains tax morale as a complicated interaction between taxpayers and the government. As a contractual relationship implies duties and rights for each contract party‚ tax compliance is increased by sticking to the fiscal exchange paradigm between the citizens and the state. Citizens are willing to honestly declare income even if they do not receive a full public good equivalent to tax payments as long as the political
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IMPLEMENTATION OF A NUMBER OF ARTICLES OF LAW ON ENTERPRISE INCOME TAX NO.14/2008/QH12 AND GUIDELINES ON IMPLEMENTATION OF DECREE NO.124/2008/ND-CP DATED DECEMBER 11‚ 2008‚ DECREE NO.122/2011/ND-CP DATED DECEMBER 27‚ 2011 OF THE GOVERNMENT DETAILING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A NUMBER OF ARTICLES OF LAW ON ENTERPRISE INCOME TAX Pursuant to the Law on Enterprise Income Tax No. 14/2008/QH12 dated June 03‚ 2008; Pursuant to the Tax Administration Law No. 78/2006/QH11 dated November 29‚ 2006; Pursuant to
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CHAPTERS 1-3: Post-war administration‚ Marcos Administration and post-EDSA administration Manuel Roxas started his term as the first president of the third republic of the Philippines. During his term he fortified Bell trade act and also the Parity Amendment in the constitution and on 1947 he signed the Military Bases Agreement. But during his time he earned a distrust from people because of graft and corruption issues. Manuel Roxas tried to destroyed the rebel group which is known as Hukbalahap
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As the Obama administration ’s early August debt-deadline continues to approach‚ it has become near impossible to ignore all the coverage and chatter about the looming U.S. debt crisis. Headlines have been dominated by the constantly shifting story‚ while those with interests in the stock market have been nervously monitoring their assets. Doomsayers have called it potentially one of the largest financial crises in history‚ while lawmakers have insisted the American government‚ with the "too big
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The goal of report is going to analysis the facts and use appropriate information to conclude whether there has been a tax avoidance arrangement‚ and also to outline the effect on a taxpayer if the tax avoidance arrangement exists. In order to meet the goal‚ this report followed steps from Draft Interpretations Statement to prove my opinions. Law: BG 1‚ YA 1‚ GA 1 of Income tax 2007‚ Penny and Hooper v Commissioner of Inland Revenue (2011) 3 NZTR 21-014. Ben Nevis Forestry Ventures Ltd & Ors
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and levies. It seems that government might have to collect more money either through VAT (Value Added Tax) or from direct taxes. In Bangladesh VAT introduced in 1991 by replacing the sales taxes is still known as the vital reform in Bangladesh revenue structure. The remaining potential sector is the income taxes sharing almost all taxes coming through direct sources. Tax base is too narrow and the tax law is full of exemptions and allowances. Agriculture sector provides employment for around 60percent
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