LEGAL CULTURE Review Essay – Freedom of Contract in the 19th Century: Mythology and the Silence of the Sources – Sibylle Hofer’s Freiheit ohne Grenzen? Privatrechtstheoretische Diskussionen im 19. Jahrhundert Sibylle Hofer‚ Freiheit ohne Grenzen? privatrechtstheoretische Diskussionen im 19. Jahrhundert‚ Mohr (Siebeck): Tübingen 2001‚ 313 pp.‚ Jus Publicum Vol. 53‚ ISBN 316-147576-3 By Andreas Abegg and Annemarie Thatcher* “Qui dit contractuel‚ dit juste”.1 This oft-cited quote by Fouillée
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History Notes on the 19th Century Nationalism- fanatical devotion to “nation’s” commonalities Imperialism- one nation dominates another Industrialism- mass production of technology to be more effective Capitalism- competition (between nations) to eradicate; all for profit Militarism- utilize military as 1st choice; espirit de corps Scientificism- reasoning and justifications; technology Social Darwinism- “survival of the fittest”; why you take place in other “isms”- hierarchy Crimean
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Even though treatments in the 19th century weren’t as harsh as those in the 18th century‚ many patients were perceived as a threat to the public safety until physicians began changing their tactics toward treatment. In the beginning of the 19th century‚ “...asylum doctors applied various treatments to patients’ bodies‚ most often hydrotherapy‚ electrical stimulation and rest”(Holtzman) to correct the nervous system that they perceived as flawed. Doctors were still cruel toward patients‚ and put them
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The rapid expansion of physical mediumship phenomena transpired during the 19th Century‚ heightened people’s appetite for spiritualism. During the 19th century physical mediums developed due to the many years of dedication to the divine spirit‚ contributing to the enhanced understanding of spirit communication. Their beliefs at that time what were they; why did they develop in this fashion? The manifestation of spirit‚ being physical mediumship‚ what we perceive we can believe‚ giving the highest
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Every generation has its minority that is actively fighting for change. For example: Today that is the gay/lesbian community which struggles for equal rights when it comes to tax‚ marriage or military service. During the 19th century it was a larger portion of the population; Women. During this time women and men were expected to fill different roles in society. Men were expected to be the bread winners‚ live public lives. Whether it be going to work or socializing in saloons/pubs/bars‚ while women
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leading to their death and failure. Furthermore‚ with the rigorous police of the whites‚ it is understandable that large scale uprisings were rare; in fact‚ the four most famous ones all took place in a 35 years period at the beginning of the 19th century‚ and they all struck the terror into the hearts of white all across American south‚ showing that the revolts were not just suicidal‚ but also a threat to loved ones‚ and all slaves. Moreover‚ all the participants of the uprisings would always end
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during the 19th century were judged by four outstanding qualities according to the Cult of True Womanhood; “piety‚ purity‚ submissiveness‚ and domesticity.” Men deemed piety to be the foundation for a good wife. Religion would not take a woman away from her “proper sphere” known as her home which kept her in isolation. Another way men would control women was by her purity. A woman in the 19th century was to remain pure and innocent. Remaining so meant she was intelligent. So a woman in the 19th century
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Exploitation has been a major issue in many different workplaces such as the manufacturing industries and this essay highlights the importance of Karl’s Marx’s theory on exploitation in the nineteenth century. This essay will define and discuss the concept of alienation with a view of whether it still exists. It will explore if there is still class struggle in todays world in terms of working class and the upper class. The essay will also examine if exploitation is still around in today’s society
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the 19th century Britain was transformed by the industrial revolution. In 1801‚ at the time of the first census‚ only about 20% of the population lived in towns. By 1851 the figure had risen to over 50%. By 1881 about two thirds of the population lived in towns. Furthermore in 1801 the majority of the population still worked in agriculture or related industries. Most goods were made by hand and very many craftsmen worked on their own with perhaps a labourer and an apprentice. By the late 19th century
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The 19th century was a time of great scientific discoveries. Discoveries like germ theory‚ which helped us further understand how certain diseases are caused and how they can be prevented‚ and the invention of the telephone‚ which became the foundation for every day communication all over the world. The realizations made during this period of history have become an integral part of modern society and its comforts. With all that being said‚ most of the Western world is still rooted in bigotry and
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