Capital Budgeting Capital Budgeting is done because companies need to make Acceptance/rejection decisions for buying fixed assets etc. Features of fixed assets : Investments upfront and returns take a long time. Risk is long term Expenses are indivisible and lumpy Ex. If HUL wants to put up a synthetic detergent plant of 50 cr. Rs. -> by spending 25 Cr. Rs.‚ the plant wont be operational at half the capacityS The Capex decisions are irreversible Projected P&L : Less Sales Raw Materials
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| PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTING PROJECT | Implementation of Outcome Based Budgeting System (OBB) Towards Improving Public Sector Performance | | Lecturer : Puan Roszilah Shamsuddin Group Members : Nur Athirah Bt Mohd Fatimi 2011427974 Nurfarah Ain Bt Nor Azman 2011294296 Syaza Nadhirah Bt Abdul Kadir 2011288382 Nurain Faizah Bt Bahsarudin 2011260008 Nurul Idany Bt Shahidan 2011478374 Table of Content No. | Particular | Page | 1.23.4.5. | Introduction of content Main
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ABSTRACT This report describes capital budgeting techniques such as NPV (The NPV of an investment is the difference between its market value and its cost‚ IRR (The IRR is the discount rate that makes the estimated NPV of an investment equal to zero. PAYBACK (The payback period is the length of time until the sum of an investment’s cash flows equals its cost)‚ discounted payback period (The discounted payback period is the length of time until the sum of an investment’s discounted cash flows equals
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Chartered Institute of Marketing listed him in 2003 as one of the world’s top 50 marketing thinkers‚ he was nominated as one of the 20 most influential people in the direct marketing industry in a Precision Marketing readership poll in 2003‚ while NOP World nominated him in 2004 as one of the 100 most influential individuals for their input and influence on the development and growth of e-commerce and the Internet in the United Kingdom over the previous 10 years. He is a Fellow of the Chartered Institute
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LITERATURE REVIEW A lot of investigators have studied working capital from different perspective and in different Surroundings. The subsequent ones were quite appealing and constructive for our study. The connection between profitability and liquidity was observed‚ as calculated by Current ratio on a section of joint stock businesses in Saudi Arabia via correlation and regression analysis. The learning established that the cash adaptation cycle was of more significance as a computation of liquidity
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Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of budgeting as a system of organisational control. A budget is a short-term financial plan of income and expenses expected over a certain period of time (usually one year) used to achieve a businesses objective. Budgeting can be useful for exercising control over a business because of its nature as a representation of a plan. Control is generally viewed as making events conform to a plan. As a budget is represented as a plan‚ allowing events to conform
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particular purpose. Budget is there in everyone’s life‚ it may be a small or a big one. Budget is a tool which helps in controlling and planning the functions of an organization. It is formalized statements of the goals of an organization stated in financial terms and accomplishes several important functions for managers. It states future projections of revenues‚ expenses and expected profits. Planning‚ evaluating performance‚ co-ordinating activities‚ implementing plans‚ communicating‚ motivating and
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Zero-Based Budgeting MHA 612 Dr. Kathy Wood October 14th‚ 2013 Zero-Based Budgeting Introduction As the zero-based budget consultant for Windsor Memorial Hospital I will make recommendations to the Board of Directors on how to create a solid plan to reduce costs and increase productivity. This will be a team based solution. In order to sustain the plan for years to come‚ it will require continued effort and a commitment from all current and future employees. Zero-based budgeting is one
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Participation in Budgeting Introduction Although participation in budgeting may enforce the managerial performance‚ it has constrains and can cause some problems as well. This article analyses the possible advantages and limitations of the role of participation in budget setting. In the next section‚ the possible merits of budgetary participation are demonstrated. This is followed by a section that explains the equivocation existing in the relationship between budgetary participation and performance. Then
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PUBLIC BUDGETING PPA 603 Government Budgeting The goal of this paper is to briefly discuss public finance and its philosophy. Public finance plays a major role in our lives. It is mainly focusing on the establishment of rights and responsibilities with maintaining balance between them for accomplishing practical tasks. Because public finance relates to government activities the paper will also contrast governmental accounting with nongovernmental accounting. The main point for the governments
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