When a person needs help or advice they sometimes seek the assistance of a counselor. Counselors use communication skills and their knowledge of psychology to assist their clients. There are many known psychotherapeutic approaches that are recognized and used by different counselors. Each counselor has their own style and incorporates their own personality into how they treat their patients. It is very important for counselors to be familiar with different approaches because each client is different
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the child to their parent‚ especially‚ the mother‚ is vital. The infant is introduced to their unknown environment through their parent. In attempting to understand the parent child relationship‚ theorists have taken different approaches. The psychodynamic approach to parent-child bonding is based on the work of Mahler‚ the Biological-Ethological Theories of Bowlby and Ainsworth‚ and Harlow’s Learning Theories. Margaret Mahler‚ a Hungarian physician‚ who became a psychoanalyst with
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John’s core psychodynamic problem is depression. The central conflict involves his sense of loss and abandonment‚ with the desire to obtain healthy and meaningful relationships‚ but his tendency to feel uncomfortable and isolate when around other people. John shared his memory and knowledge of his father’s death and described it with an indifferent affect. Therefore‚ it appeared evident that he may have suppressed anger‚ sense of loss‚ and/or feelings of abandonment. Moreover‚ John described
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Tak 1.1 List all the systems of the human body with their functions and major organs. The circulatory system is the body’s transport system. It is made up of a group of organs that transport blood throughout the body. The heart pumps the blood and the arteries and veins transport it. Oxygen-rich blood leaves the left side of the heart and enters the biggest artery‚ called the aorta. The aorta branches into smaller arteries‚ which then branch into even smaller vessels that travel all over the
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It is widely known that unhelpful thinking in the form of dysfunctional beliefs and/or cognitive distortions is just like any other automatically occurring bad habit; with practice and effort‚ people can become more aware of what is happening in their minds and change how they are thinking for the better. Cognitive restructuring therapy‚ also known as cognitive reframing‚ is a technique drawn from cognitive therapy that can help people identify‚ challenge and alter stress-inducing thought patterns
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Behaviorism is the theory or doctrine that human or animal psychology can be accurately studied only through the examination and analysis of objectively observable and quantifiable behavioral events‚ in contrast with subjective mental states. Behaviorism is word wide that assumes a learner is essentialy passive‚ responding to environment stimuli. The learner starts at a clean state and behavior is shaped through positive reinforcement or negative reinforcement. Both
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INTRODUCTION Constructive Psychotherapy is a theory that suggested that people constructed their own realities and found meaning based on life experience. Granvold (1996) shared that constructivism focused on human meaning making and promotes a person’s proactive participation in his or her life in order to create change. Constructivism is a process to help client understand present experiences‚ emotions and perceptions and how these elements are affected by events from the past‚ and how we make
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Theoretical Framework As stated from the website of philosophy.about.com‚ "Honesty requires an understanding of how our actions do or do not fit within rules and expectations of the Other- where the latter stands for any person we feel obliged to report to‚ including ourselves." In order to understand such actions‚ one must know the origin of the concept of understanding. Sigmund Freud’s personality theory‚ the Classical Psychoanalysis‚ will help to strengthen this study‚ through explaining the
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Introduction Counseling may be defined as a therapeutic skill that is used to help solve client’s problems. Also counseling has general principles that emphasize the client goal‚ relations and interactions. Counseling is the apparatus that is used to help the client to find good within their selves. Counseling is a change or growth in which the people who attend counseling are able to exhibit catharsis in a safe‚ but also in a supportive and non-judgmental environment. In addition to these attributes
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Access the contribution of functionalism to our understanding of the society The key concepts within functionalism are collective conscience‚ that all of society must have shared values and beliefs as it is crucial to achieve social order for the well being of society‚ they believe that this can be achieved through value consensus‚ that for society to live in consensus it must socialise its members into a set of norms and values to ensure society can work harmoniously and to meet it’s basic needs
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