and why they must do it. The art of decision making has been speculated by many‚ including modern philosopher‚ Immanuel Kant‚ and ancient philosopher and scientist‚ Aristotle. Their views on decision making differ because of the era in which they lived in‚ and so they both have their own opinions on how one can effectively make a decision for the right reason. Though Immanuel Kant and Aristotle have
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Kant rejected theonomy and instead proposed that because free will is a human trait‚ we should aim to keep hold of that and retain our personal autonomy - not requiring any aspect of religion to govern our moral values. He holds the deontological view that certain actions are absolutely right or wrong‚ regardless of whether they beget positive or negative consequences. Such absolute rules are described in his 1785 text Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals as categorical imperatives: unconditional
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Hume and Kant offered two differing views on morality. Hume’s philosophy regarding moral theory came from the belief that reason alone can never cause action. Desire or thoughts cause action. Because reason alone can never cause action‚ morality is rooted in us and our perception of the world and what we want to gain from it. Virtue arises from acting on a desire to help others. Hume’s moral theory is therefore a virtue-centered morality rather than the natural-law morality‚ which saw morality as
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moral rule is right because of its own nature‚ even if it fails to bring about the greatest good. Deontology is critically based on duty (deontos) – a moral obligation we have towards another person‚ a group or society as a whole. In this sense‚ deontology is concerned with the intrinsic properties of actions‚ not their end result. Immanuel Kant is arguably the most famous advocate of modern deontology. According to Kant‚ moral law is synthetic apriori and took an absolutist approach. Kant argued
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FUNCTIONAL IMPERATIVES Within society is the essence of established institutionalized foundations‚ but not limited to specific associations such as prisons or schools. An institution is much wider in its comprehensiveness and bearing than an individual or organization. Categorized as social behaviour‚ institutions channel practices in the crucial areas of social life. “Institutions provide procedures through which human conduct is patterned‚ compelled to go‚ in grooves deemed desirable
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Is skepticism self-refuting? Immanuel Kant argued that although human knowledge comes from experience‚ nonetheless knowledge must be grounded in some necessary truths. It is hard to see how the existence of logically and metaphysically necessary truths is enough to ground human knowledge. Following Kant’s reasoning‚ there are certain types of knowledge we have no access to. I will argue that Presuppositionalism is more plausible than Kant’s skepticism about certain types of knowledge‚ and that from
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synthetic. Explain Kant’s understanding of good will and duty and show that they are linked. More importantly you need to explain the categorical imperative and the three formulae. 1 Universalisability 2 People must be considered as ends in themselves 3 Kingdom of ends. A good answer will include examples‚ either Kant’s own or simple alternatives. Immanuel Kant was an eighteenth century German philosopher whose moral views continue to be influential. He developed a deontological‚ absolute and
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During the 12th and 13th centuries the Mongols swept across Eurasia and conquered various peoples‚ including the Persians and Chinese. There are many similarities and differences in the political and economic effects of Mongol rule on the Abbasid Empire in Persia and on the Yuan Dynasty in China. In both regions‚ the Mongols were relatively tolerant of all religions. However‚ they differed in that the Mongol’s allowed Persia to have native administrators but did not allow China to. When the Mongols
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Kant vs Mills in Animal Rights In this essay I will cover the philosophy of Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill. I will begin by covering Kant perspective of rational beings and his idea of a priori learning. I will then move on to his idea of categorical imparaitive. After Kant I will discuss Mill’s utilitarian theory regarding pleasure and pain. With a better understanding of those I will move to Mill’s idea of a posteriori and hypothetical imperative. Following the ideas of these philosophers
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THE ETHICAL IMPERATIVE Today’s businesses are entrenched in a great conflict. The interests of the stockholders and the interests of the populace at large seem to be in constant turmoil. On one hand‚ stockholders desire profit for themselves‚ and on the other‚ the general population does not care to be exploited by those whose sole motive is profit. This is a conflict because those who buy a business’s products tend to be in the general public‚ and they have the ability to make or break a
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