Contingency Theory Contingency Theory is a class of behavioral theory that claims that there is no best way to organize a corporation‚ to lead a company‚ or to make decisions. An organizational / leadership / decision making style that is effective in some situations‚ may be not successful in other situations. In other words: The optimal organization / leadership / decision-making style depends upon various internal and external constraints (factors). Contingency Theory factors Some examples
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olitical throries Machiavelli emphasized the need for realism‚ as opposed to idealism. In The Prince he does not explain what he thinks the best ethical or political goals are‚ except the control of one’s own fortune‚ as opposed to waiting to see what chance brings. Machiavelli took it for granted that would-be leaders naturally aim at glory or honor. He associated these goals with a need for "virtue" and "prudence" in a leader‚ and saw such virtues as essential to good politics and indeed the common
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The Stakeholder Theory of the Corporation: Concepts‚ Evidence‚ and Implications Author(s): Thomas Donaldson and Lee E. Preston Source: The Academy of Management Review‚ Vol. 20‚ No. 1 (Jan.‚ 1995)‚ pp. 65-91 Published by: Academy of Management Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/258887 Accessed: 20/04/2010 23:08 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR ’s Terms and Conditions of Use‚ available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR ’s Terms
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What Are The Main Strengths and Weaknesses of The Rational Choice Approach To Religions Behavior? One of the pioneers of the rational choice theory has been Gary Becker. He states that this approach can be applied to all human behaviour‚ including religion. This approach has three assumptions. It assumes that people engage in maximising behaviour. When applying this approach to religion we are not concerned with money. We are concerned with the maximisation of personal benefits. When we make
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m Motivation Theories By Therese Mac Donald Table of Content Page 3 – Introduction Maslow Page 4- Porter & Lawler Page 5- David Mc Chelland F Hertzberg’s Hackman & Oldham Page 6- Heekhausen’s Theories Vroom Justice S Adams D Atkinson B Skinner Page 7- Conclusion 17 November 2012 Therese Donovan Motivation Theories There are quite a number of modern motivational theories that attempt to identify the key needs and
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Individual Theories There are many theories as to what motivates adolescents to commits crimes. There are many theories as to why other adolescents in the similar circumstances are not motivated to break the law. Everyone is different‚ and everyone has their own reasons for their actions. Some say it is situational‚ and others say it is biological. Personally‚ I feel it is a bit of both‚ children are easily influenced and their surroundings are sure to affect them in some way‚ whether it be
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Virtue Theory The Virtue Theory is one of the three main theories in normative ethics‚ which emphasizes virtues in determining moral character and what is good. It focuses on what makes a good person‚ rather than what makes a good action. In other words‚ The Virtue Theory is an agent-based approach to ethics‚ which asks this question about being good: “What kind of person should I be?” This is in contrast to the other two approaches‚ Utilitarianism and Kantanism‚ which ask this question concerning
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Behaviorism: a school of psychology that restricts the study of human nature to what can be observed rather than to states of consciousness. An alternative to the materialist view is behaviourism. Behaviourism is the theory that one can observe various physical actions of an individual in order to determine ones inner feelings. For example‚ if someone is smiling‚ skipping‚ and has their head up‚ one can assume that this person is cheerful or happy. Some psychology behaviourists
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Compare and Contrast Gibson’s and Gregory’s theories of perception Gibson’s and Gregory’s theories of perception both suggest that eye-retina is important for perception. The both believe that without eye-retina‚ a person will not be able to see. This is a common view of both of the theories of perception. The idea is supported by the case of SB. SB was a man who had been blind from birth due to cataracts. When he was 52‚ he had an operation which restored his sight and hence he could see.
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NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA COURSE CODE :MBA 731 COURSE TITLE: ORGANISATION BEHAVIOUR AND THEORY 1 MBA 731 ORGANISATION BEHAVIOUR AND THEORY Designed by: Written by: Josef Bel-Molokwu‚ PhD Josef Bel-Molokwu‚ PhD 2 COURSE GUIDE MBA 731 - ORGANISATION BEHAVIOUR AND THEORY TABLE OF CONTENT 1.0. 2.0. 3.0. 4.0. 5.0. 6.0. 7.0. 8.0. 9.0. 10.0. Introduction 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 Course Content Course Aims Objectives - Course Materials Study Units - The Modules
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