Enthalpy of Neutralization Introduction Energy changes always accompany chemical reactions. If energy‚ in the form of heat‚ is liberated the reaction is exothermic and if energy is absorbed the reaction is endothermic. Thermochemistry is concerned with the measurement of the amount of heat evolved or absorbed. The heat (or enthalpy) of neutralization (∆H) is the heat evolved when an acid and a base react to form a salt plus water. Eq. 1 HNO2(aq) + NAOH(aq) → NaNO2(aq) + H2O(l) + Q Q in the
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Chemistry – Heats of combustion. To determine the heats of combustion of selected alkanols and to use this information to determine the heat of combustion for a longer chain alkanols. Formula ΔH=-mCΔT Heat of combustion ΔH/n = molar heat of combustion. Materials -100 degrees thermometer -glass stirring rod -aluminium beaker -electronic balance -bosshead and clamp -retort stand Method 1) Set up the apparatus as shown above. 2) Measure the weight of aluminium can 3) Use the
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Candy Au Introduction The reaction between zinc and copper (II) sulphate is endothermic. If an excess of zinc powder is added to a measured amount of aqueous copper (II) sulphate in a calorimeter and the temperature change is recorded over a period of time‚ the enthalpy change of the reaction can be experimentally determined. Assumption 1. Mass of H2O in 100cm3 of CuSO4 solution is 100g 2. Specific heat of solution is 4.18 kJ kg-1 K-1 which is the same as the specific heat of water
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Bonding • Redox‚ Group 2 and Group 7 Unit 1 Exam – January 2013 – 1 hour – 90 UMS – 30% of total Unit 2 – Spring Term 2013 • Basic Concepts in Organic Chemistry • Alkanes and Alkenes • Haloalkanes and Alcohols • Enthalpy Changes • Rates and Equilibrium • Modern Analytical Techniques • Chemistry of the Air • Sustainability Unit 2 Exam – May 2013 – 1 hr 45 mins – 150 UMS – 50% of total Unit 3 – Autumn Term 2012 and Spring
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The Fermentation and Distillation of Alcohol By Bhanupriya Chettiar 301 Group Members: Bhanupriya Chettiar‚ Rachel Min‚ Zoe Chandler‚ Bianca Main Aim The aim of the practical is to prepare ethanol by fermentation and to isolate it by fractional distillation. Introduction This practical’s aim is to prepare ethanol using two steps; fermentation and then fractional distillation. Many alcoholic drinks for example‚ brandy and whisky‚ are prepared using this method but to a larger scale. The first
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used and extracted‚ we could run out of oil in 50 years. We need to conserve what fuels we have left and stop using them in our cars. Another big problem with burning fossil fuels‚ especially gasoline‚ is the damage it causes to the environment. Combustion of fuels in cars has been identified as the largest contributor to air pollution in the world.
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DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL‚RANIPUR‚HARIDWAR LESSON 6:COMBUSTION AND FLAME DATED:24.07.14 1 COMBUSTION: When a substance combines readily with oxygen to give heat and (light) it is called combustion. 2 COMBUSTILE SUBSTANCE: A substance which burns easily to give heat it is said to be combustible. For ex. Wood ‚paper 3 FUEL: A substance that is burnt for obtaining heat and light is called a fuel. Carbon based fuel: wood ‚coal‚wax ‚petrol etc. Non carbon based fuel: hydrogen 4 CHARACTERISTICS OF AN
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Professor Department of Aerospace Engineering IIT Kanpur 13th July‚ 2012 ABSTRACT Numerical Studies of Microcombustion in a Micro-channel There are a lot of methods that converts chemical energy to thermal energy like fuel cells. But combustion is the most important one to obtain thermal energy from various fuels including hydrogen‚ natural gas‚ fuel oils because of its more energy output. Microcombustion is a potential energy source for small devices like unmanned vehicles and micro
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Heats of Combustion of Alkanols Aim: To perform a first-hand investigation to determine the heats of combustion of selected alkanols. Hypothesis: It was predicted that methanol would have the highest molar heat of combustion‚ decreasing as the chains become longer. Equipment: • Three spirit burners containing methanol‚ ethanol and propan-1-ol respectively • Electronic scales • Water • 100ml measuring cylinder • Retort stand and boss-head clamp • Copper beaker • Thermometer Method:
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Heat of Combustion Questions 1. When bonds are broken‚ energy is required. When bond are formed‚ energy is released. All combustion reactions are exothermic. Suggest a reason for this in terms of the bonds broken and bonds formed. The energy required to break the bonds is greater than the energy required to form. 2. Explain why the heat of combustion of alkanols increases as the length of the carbon chain increases. The heat of combustion of alkanol increases as the length of carbon chain
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