WORKING CAPITAL AND FIXED CAPITAL AND ITS ADVANTAGES Introduction: A firm requires funds to acquire two types of assets : fixed assets and current assets .Fixed assets include land biulding ‚ plant‚ and machinary ‚ vehicles ‚ equipment etc.These assets relatively permanent in nature and are necessary for carrying on the bussiness .Current assets ‚on the other hand ‚are kept for supporting day-to-day operations and keep changing during the course of the business.They liquidated within short period
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Issues in Accounting Education Vol. 15‚ No. 2 May 2000 Budgeting and Performance Evaluation at the Berkshire Toy Company Dean Crawford and Eleanor G. Henry ABSTRACT: This case1 provides an opportunity to study budgets‚ budget variances‚ and performance evaluation at several levels. As a purely mechanical problem‚ the case asks for calculations of various price‚ efficiency‚ spending‚ and volume variances from a set of budgets and actual results. The case is also an interpretive exercise. After the
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The Bonus Dilemma Jon Jacobs INTRODUCTION As bonus time looms‚ the financial services industry around the world faces an unprecedented situation of government financial participation and intense political scrutiny. Both 2008 compensation and the pay paradigm for future years are being reshaped under this spotlight. This White Paper focuses on public relations aspects of the dilemma confronting U.S. investment banks over reformulating compensation – both near-term and long-term‚ from the C-suite
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The history of Congressional budgeting is a largely long and compounding series of passed laws and reforms like much of the rest of Congress. The early history of the Congressional budget was a story of decentralized requests from each consecutive administration. These requests were not coordinated or funneled through any specific agency. Budgetary requests were handled by Congress through its committee system meaning that committee chairs held supreme authority over any requests that came their
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McCullers takes the reader on a journey into the lives of a family plagued by alcoholism in "A Domestic Dilemma". The realism of the story is astounding‚ as most people will often find themselves torn when facing difficult family decisions. The Meadows’ family is torn by both compassion and suffering‚ and Martin Meadows is faced with one of the most difficult decisions of his life. In A Domestic Dilemma‚ the author conveys the idea that individuals facing difficult decisions in marital relationships must
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EconomicThis document has been made available on www.actuaries.org.uk with the permission of the Society of Actuaries‚ Schaumburg‚ Illinois. Copyright 2008. Specialty Guide on Economic Capital Version 1.5 March 2004 Specialty Guide on Economic Capital Section I. II. Page FOREWORD...................................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW .........................................................
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Chapter 8 The Cost of Capital 236 CHAPTER 8—THE COST OF CAPITAL TRUE/FALSE 1. Capital refers to items on the right-hand side of a firm’s balance sheet. 2. The component costs of capital are market-determined variables in as much as they are based on investors’ required returns. 3. The cost of debt is equal to one minus the marginal tax rate multiplied by the coupon rate on outstanding debt. 4. The cost of issuing preferred stock by a corporation must be adjusted to an after-tax
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FUNCTIONAL AND ACTIVITY-BASED BUDGETING Budget a financial plan of the resources needed to carry out tasks and meet financial goals. A quantitative expression of the goals the organization wishes to achieve and the cost of attaining these goals. Budgeting the act of preparing a budget. Budgetary control the use of budgets to control a firm’s activities. Master budget (planning budget/ budget plan) a summary of all phases of a company’s plans and goals for the future. Indicates the sales levels‚
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QUESTION: CHAPTER 4 ETHICAL DILEMMA – “TALK TO THE MANUFACTURING VICE PRESIDENT AND EMPHASIZE THE RESPONSIBILITY CHEM – TECH HAS AS AN INDUSTRY LEADER TO SET AN EXAMPLE. PRESENT HER WITH A RECOMMENDATION THAT CHEM-TECH PARTICIPATE IN VOLUNTARY POLLUTION-REDUCTION AS A MARKETING TOOL‚ POSTIONING ITSELF AS THE EVIROMENTALLY FRIENDLY CHOICE.” There are four different approachs that serve as a criteria for ethical decision making. The moral-rights approach is the ethical concept
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Reaction Paper: “Ethical Dilemmas” Morality is the behavior that conforms to an accepted standard of right and wrong. It is the character‚ decency‚ goodness‚ integrity‚ righteousness‚ virtue etc. of a person living in one society. And it has a big confusion to everyone if morality is relative. Individuals differ in taste‚ personality‚ behavior and beliefs. Each country or maybe groups of people have their own standard of morality. How could morality relative if there is no universal standard
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