God’s Foreknowledge and the Problem of Evil: A proposal RG Heather (MA PT‚ 24689726) Introduction In his essay[1] on the possibility of God’s having middle knowledge of the actions of free agents and the relationship of that knowledge‚ if it exists‚ to the problem of evil‚[2] RM Adams discusses two questions: firstly‚ whether middle knowledge is possible‚ even for God‚ and secondly‚ whether God could have made free creatures who would always freely do right. These questions highlight the
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Holbach is an incompatibisist concerning determinism and free will. In-compatibilism is the beliefs in determinism and free will are inconsistent. Inconsistent are when you have two beliefs that being inconsistent if and only if it is impossible for them both to be true at the same time. Meaning one has to be at least must actually be false. The beliefs I am talking about are determined and to see if the will is free? He thinks at least one must be false at all times‚ meaning he believes that we
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The Mind Locke The notion of personhood was introduced by Locke. For him the stream/continuity of consciousness defines a person. In other words the memory‚ since being conscious of something implies remembering it. When someone is drunk and is not co Locke diverted from the traditional understanding of the self. In dualism it is the soul‚ which is conscious of what he is doing‚ then he will not remember the event. Thus whilst being unconscious of something‚ one is not a person. constant and
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The Tools of Philosophy: Socrates- the concept of integrity/ being true to yourself Importance in maintaining a state of virtue Wont compromise his strength of character “To thy own self be true” Attracted young people (energy and enthusiasm) and inspired them to ask questions The Socratic Method- challenged norms (Ex: “The sky if blue”) Challenged people in order to make them more clear in their own thought processes Forced people to stretch their ideas further/put together a base of knowledge
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FIELD DEFINITION HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT KEY CONTRIBUTORS PRINCIPAL ISSUES Epistemology the theory of knowledge‚ is the branch of philosophy concerned with these questions a. Schools of thought and historical development 1) Skeptics a) Ancient (1) Pyrrho of Elis (2) Sextus Empiricus b) Medieval (1) St. Augustine 2) Rationalists a) Ancient (1) Plato b) Medieval (1) St. Anselm (2) St. Augustine c) Modern (1) Descartes (2) Leibniz (3) Spinoza 3) Empiricists
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Necessity”‚ Hume wants to discuss what liberty and necessity mean and whether or not they can be compatible with each other. This is all really a discussion of Hume’s view of free will and determinism‚ and how they can be easily reconciled through compatibilism where for example both liberty and necessity are required for morality. He starts off by considering the idea of necessity and defines it as‚ “the constant conjunction of similar objects‚ and the consequent inference from one to another” (Hume
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determined attribute contingent upon factors inside and outside of the will! From this‚ we find a significant departure from some medieval thinkers on free will such as Abelard‚ and a marked closeness to Aquinas or Kant‚ both of which incline toward a compatibilism of free will and
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Epistemology How do we know what we know? Is what we believe to be truth really truth? A branch of Philosophy that seeks out to answer these questions and to discover the origin of knowledge is Epistemology. Much of what we believe is based on allegations and generalizations rather than established evidence. That’s way so many people have different beliefs throughout the world. I will be discussing more of these Worldviews in a later paragraph. Right now I’d like to continue to focus on Epistemology
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Chisholm in Human Freedom and the Self makes the most sense out of the three major ideas of free will‚ which are Libertarianism‚ Hard Determinism‚ and Compatibilism. The basis of libertarianism is as follows: determinism is proven to be false and human possess the freedom required for moral responsibility. This could be seen with the following excerpt from the respective article: “…at least one of the events
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Discuss the apparent incompatibility between freewill and determinism. Is there a satisfactory soft determinist account of freedom? If so‚ what is it? If not‚ what is the best such account and what objections does it face? The incompatibility between freewill and determinism lies in our contradictory beliefs in both freedom and science. We‚ as human beings‚ all believe that we have freewill as we can freely choose our human actions‚ which cannot be predicted. For example‚ although I chose to
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