conducting biomedical and behavioral research with human participants. Principle 1: Beneficence and NonmaleficenceRepresenting the utilitarian tradition‚ this principle requires that researchers‚ using considerations such as those described above‚ strive to maximize potential benefits while minimizing risks of their research. Although the cost-benefit mandate seems straightforward‚ it is rarely unambiguous in practice because costs to participants and benefits to the profession and to society are difficult
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cross-sectional survey. Components such as: title‚ abstract‚ introduction‚ method‚ results‚ discussion and global issues are analyzed within the research critique. Quantitative research critiquing methods were utilized and integrated in appraising the research data. Title In the research report‚ Practice nurses’ workload‚ career intentions‚ and the impact of professional isolation: A cross-sectional survey‚ the title could be considered insufficient when compared to present research standards. Current
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Observation of Patients Florence Nightingale is said to be one of the major influences in nursing throughout history and today. In 1898‚ she wrote Notes on Nursing What it is‚ and What it is Not. Her ‘notes’ on nursing outline many of the nursing practices used and implemented in today’s practices. Observation in patient’s is a key element in being able to give proper care and gathering the proper data‚ as well as being able to properly assess and monitor the patient to enable them to make
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Data Gathering Techniques Data Gathering Techniques Interview • Interviews can be conducted in person or over the telephone. • Questions should be focused‚ clear‚ and encourage open-ended responses. • Interviews are mainly qualitative in nature. Data Gathering Techniques Advantages of interviews The main advantages of interviews are: • they are useful to obtain detailed information about personal feelings‚ perceptions and opinions • they allow more detailed questions to be asked • they usually
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Introduction Classroom observation is one of a repertoire of strategies which help staff gather information about the core work of Learning and Teaching. It should be carried out sensitively and professionally‚ and should involve teachers in consultation about the purposes and format of the exercise so that everyone involved is clear about their role in the activity The Nature of Observation Observation is a systematic eye on what happens in the classroom. It can be recorded by narrative
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Data Preprocessing 3 Today’s real-world databases are highly susceptible to noisy‚ missing‚ and inconsistent data due to their typically huge size (often several gigabytes or more) and their likely origin from multiple‚ heterogenous sources. Low-quality data will lead to low-quality mining results. “How can the data be preprocessed in order to help improve the quality of the data and‚ consequently‚ of the mining results? How can the data be preprocessed so as to improve the efficiency and ease
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Information from anecdotal and running records can be transferred to checklists to make interpretation easier Advantages 1. They are easy and quick to use; 2. Little training required; 3. They can be used in the presence of the child or recorded later; 4. Helps to focus observations on many behaviors at once; 5. Can be used for curriculum planning; activities can be planned to encourage certain behaviors that have not yet been observed; 6. Can be used to condense information from running record
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HolgateG 2010-10-06 20:23:53 -------------------------------------------- MigrationConfirmed set by HolgateG Qualitative Research THE READER’S COMPANION WORKSHEET Article Title: Author(s): TITLE Topic of interestYes ❏ Method of interest Yes ❏ Population of interest Yes ❏ No ❏ No ❏ No ❏ Maybe ❏ Maybe ❏ Maybe ❏ ABSTRACT Results usefulYes ❏No ❏Maybe ❏ INTRODUCTION Why is the study being done (i.e.‚ the problem‚ concern‚ issue)? What is the purpose of the study or the question(s)
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Distributed Database Design Distributed Query Processing Distributed Transaction Management Data Replication Consistency criteria Update propagation protocols Parallel Database Systems Data Integration Systems Web Search/Querying Peer-to-Peer Data Management Data Stream Management Distributed & Parallel DBMS M. Tamer Özsu Page 6.1 Acknowledgements Many of these slides are from notes prepared by Prof. Gustavo Alonso‚ ETH Zurich‚ Switzerland Prof. Bettina Kemme‚ McGill
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DATA COMPRESSION The word data is in general used to mean the information in digital form on which computer programs operate‚ and compression means a process of removing redundancy in the data. By ’compressing data’‚ we actually mean deriving techniques or‚ more specifically‚ designing efficient algorithms to: * represent data in a less redundant fashion * remove the redundancy in data * Implement compression algorithms‚ including both compression and decompression. Data Compression
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