safeguards 14 Appendix 3 – Non-audit services – sample audit work paper Appendix 4 – Sample audit planning letter 16 26 Appendix 5 – Long association with audit client‚ sample audit work paper 29 2 Dilemma One – Non-Audit Services I provide a complete suite of services to my small corporate clients such as accounting services‚ tax work and ad hoc projects that they may request me to do. I have heard that there may be a problem with this? What should I do? Whether or not you can provide these
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A professional judgment is a key factor in auditing. As a result of development of auditing and accounting industry‚ especially after a series of accounting fraud and auditing failure cases‚ such as Enron and Arthur Andersen‚ in the last decade‚ professional judgments is becoming a more and more important aspect for the independent auditing industry. Recently‚ many countries and professional bad issued more strict auditing standards to emphasize to this point. It means the auditor should be required
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explain how an auditor goes about the process of auditing financial statements and presents the five basic stages that the auditor performed during the financial statement audit at Maryward Primary School in Kwekwe for the year ending 31 December 2012. In order to be in a position to fulfil auditing responsibility to report on the client’s annual financial statements‚ the auditor followed a series of procedures and activities as required by the auditing profession. The auditor applied the following
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Banlawe‚ Ivane Ann P. David‚ Joana Haizan G. Landicho‚ Lloyd Charles L. Mapuá Institute of Technology 2012 LE Design Verification Table of Contents Table of Contents Cover Page i Table of Contents ii I. Introduction 1 II. Running DRC (Design Rule Check) 2 III. Running LVS (Layout Versus Schematic) 5 IV. Running LPE (Layout Parasitic Extraction) 8 V. Reference Compiled by: Banlawe‚ Ivane Ann P. David‚ Joana Haizan G. Landicho‚ Lloyd Charles
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Understand Contemporary Issues in Health Psychology – Anorexia and Obesity Some people argue that the cause of obesity can be explained by the social learning theory (SLT). People who support this approach are suggesting that the habits that cause obesity‚ such as portion control‚ over-eating and bad food choices‚ are learnt from the people around us‚ e.g. family‚ friends‚ peers etc.‚ and from the environment around us. For example‚ we learn to overeat from the big portions we are served at fast
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Understanding Contemporary Moral Issues from a Catholic Perspective ‘Withdrawal of life-sustaining medical treatment’. “And the dust goes back to the earth as it was‚ and the spirit goes back to God who gave it”. (Ecclesiastes 12:7). In order for me to comprehend and discuss the moral issue of withdrawal of life-sustaining medical treatment from a Catholic perspective‚ I needed to have an understanding of what Bioethics refers to. It is a shared reflective analysis and discussion of ethical issues in
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NATURE of AUDITING‚ ATTESTATION AND ASSURANCE SERVICES Let us understand a few terminologies before going further in the discussion of the details of auditing and assurance since these terms will be used often throughout the text. Auditing‚ attestation and assurance services are often used interchangeably because they encompass the same decision-process: defining the decision problem‚ defining the alternative choices‚ identifying and obtaining information relevant to the decision problem‚ evaluating
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events leading to the collapse of Centro‚ analyse the role of the directors and the auditors in the collapse‚ and discuss the court case Stephen Cougle-who presided Centro’s audit in 2007. Events result in collapse of Centro The 2007 annual reports of Centro and Centro Retail Group (CER)-a subsidiary company of Centro failed to disclose significant matters. In the case of Centro‚ the report failed to disclose some $1.5 billion of short-term liabilities by classifying them as non-current liabilities
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are departures from the standard wording‚ users are more likely to recognize and consider situations requiring a modification or qualification to the auditor’s report or opinion. 3-2 The unqualified audit report consists of: 1. Report title Auditing standards require that the report be titled and that the title includes the word independent. 2. Audit report address The report is usually addressed to the company‚ its stockholders‚ or the board of directors. 3. Introductory paragraph The introductory
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Definitions (2) 1. An examination and verification of a company’s financial and accounting records and supporting documents by a professional‚ such as a Certified Public Accountant. 2. An audit is an IRS examination of an individual or corporation’s tax return‚ to verify its accuracy. There are three types of audits: correspondence audits (the IRS mails a request for additional information)‚ office audits (an interview is conducted at a local IRS office)‚ and field audits (an interview is conducted
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