Title: Competing Nucleophiles (Exp 24‚ pp 211-221‚ pp 808-823‚ pp 836-842) Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to determine the nucleophilic strength of chloride and bromide ions as it reacts with 1-butanol (n-butyl) and 2-methyl-2-propanol (t-butyl alcohol) under SN1 and SN2 conditions. Method: 40 g of ice and approximately 30 ml of sulfuric acid is cautiously added to a 100 mL beaker respectively. Weigh 7.6 g of ammonium chloride and 14.0 g of ammonium bromide and place it in
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Competitive Nucleophiles With 1-Butanol In this experiment you will determine the nucleophile strength of bromide ion vs. chloride ion in their reaction with 1-butanol in acidic solution. The reaction is shown below. The reagents are a convenient source of HBr and HCl. The reaction is an SN2 reaction with H2O as the leaving group and Cl- and Br- as the nucleophiles. The molar amounts of Cl - and Br- are equal‚ so the better nucleophile will lead to more product. You will analyze the amounts of 1-bromobutane
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When completing lab 6a I first read the five stages of moderate physical activities to determine my stage‚ I checked only the current moderate stage that represents my current moderate activity level. As a result‚ the stage where I am at now includes the contemplation stage. This stage is described as individuals who have been completing on meeting the required guidelines for moderate activities but has failed to do so at this point. However‚ I am at stage 3 our textbook recommend that I set goals
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Competing Nucleophiles Table of results: Area (mm²) Percent composition 1-bromobutane 511 85.02% 1-chlorobutane 90 14.98% 2-bromobutane 432.25 78.63% 2-chlorobutane 117.5 21.37% 2-bromo-2-methylpropane 280 37.58% 2-chloro-2-methylpropane 465 62.42% Discussion: 1. In 1-butanol Base on the data table‚ 1-bromobutane dominated the composition of 85.02%‚ which indicates the conclusion that the mechanism for 1-butanol is SN2‚ and bromide is a better nucleophile. The first
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Competitive Nucleophiles Introduction: The purpose of this experiment was to compare the relative nucleophilicities of chloride ions and bromide ions in two different reactions. One reaction involved n-butyl alcohol and the other involved t-pentyl alcohol. We performed the reactions and compared the percentages of alkyl chloride and alkyl bromide in the product. To perform this experiment‚ we used methods including heating reaction mixture under reflux‚ extraction using a separatory funnel
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very easy and forms a positively charged ammonium ion. As well as being a strong base‚ amines are also quite good nucleophiles. When the nitrogen is directly attached to one or two R groups is more nucleophillic than when directly attached to a hydrogen atom. The reason behind this is due to the electron donating ability of the alkyl group. However‚ the increasing strength of the nucleophile proves difficulty when added
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In the first step‚ 2’-OH proton of the ribonuclease sugar undergoes deprotonation by the basic imidazole ring of His12. This produces a 2’-O-‚ which subsequently acts as a nucleophile for attack towards the phosphorus atom of the phosphate group bonded to the 3’-C end of the same ribonuclease sugar. During this process‚ it causes His12 to become protonated‚ thus causing it to become acidic. 21-22 Conversely‚ His119 acts as an acid to facilitate the departure of the leaving 3’-monophosphate group
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Katie Smith April 11‚ 2013 Competitive Nucleophiles Introduction The purpose of this experiment was to compare the nucleophilicities of chloride and bromide ions toward the n-butyl and t-pentyl alcohols. We were able to analyze this by using refractometry to measure the amounts of alkyl chloride and alkyl bromide in each reaction. Experiment Scheme (Procedure A) To begin the experiment‚ we assembled a reflux apparatus in the fume hood with a 100 mL round bottom flask and a condenser
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Completing the Square: Quadratic Examples & Deriving the Quadratic Formula (page 2 of 2) Solve x2 + 6x + 10 = 0. Apply the same procedure as on the previous page: This is the original equation. x2 + 6x + 10 = 0 Move the loose number over to the other side. x2 + 6x = – 10 Take half of the coefficient on the x-term (that is‚ divide it by two‚ and keeping the sign)‚ and square it. Add this squares value to both sides of the equation. x^2 + 6x + 9 = –10 + 9 Convert the left-hand side to
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Completing the Audit Concepts: Nature of a balance sheet approach to the audit & implications for auditing the income statement * Obtain sufficient‚ competent‚ evidential matter for all balance sheet accounts * Note that if all balances are fairly stated‚ and the balance sheet balances‚ then Retained Earnings must be correct * If Retained Earnings is correct‚ then the Income Statement’s net income cannot be materially in error * Therefore‚ less work is done auditing the income
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