Introduction In a Grignard reaction‚ a Grignard reagent (R–MgX) adds to the carbonyl group in an aldehyde or ketone to form an alcohol (Figure 1). The reaction of a Grignard reagent with formaldehyde can be to synthesize a primary alcohol‚ with any other aldehyde can be used to synthesize a secondary alcohol‚ while the reaction with ketone is useful in the synthesis of a tertiary alcohol. Figure 1. General reaction mechanism of a Grignard Reaction The preparation of the Grignard reagent involves
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CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF COPPER AND PERCENT YIELD Objective To gain familiarity with basic laboratory procedures‚ some chemistry of a typical transition element‚ and the concept of percent yield. Apparatus and Chemicals |0.5 g piece of no. 16 or no. 18 copper wire |evaporating dish | |250 mL beaker (2) |weighing paper | |concentrated HNO3 (4 – 6 mL)
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equations for redox reactions You can split the ionic equation into two parts‚ and look at it from the point of view of the magnesium and of the copper(II) ions separately. This shows clearly that the magnesium has lost two electrons‚ and the copper(II) ions have gained them. These two equations are described as "electron-half-equations" or "half-equations" or "ionic-half-equations" or "half-reactions" - lots of variations all meaning exactly the same thing! Any redox reaction is made up
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Lab report April 14‚ 2013 Abstract: In this article‚ we will experiment on the significant in strength of the enzyme by using three different test tubes and measuring the amount of product they give off. To determine this we are going to test the amount of color absorbance by using a special tool to help us understand our results. We will see how our end results show the effect of the amount of concentration we apply to each test tube. The results would be shown by the support of two graphs
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Title: Studying SN1 and SN2 Reactions: Nucleophilic Substitutions at the saturated carbon Lab Partner: Jeszie Geronimo Objective and purpose: the purpose of this experiment is to convert a primary alcohol to an alkyl bromide using a Sn2 Reaction. Investigate some factors that influence the rate of Sn1 reactions. The second part of this lab will focus more on how unlike factors influence the rate of reactions in anSN1 reactions. The factors that we will be inspecting are the leaving groups‚ Cl-
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The experiment did not contain any form of reaction mechanism since no chemical identity had been changed. The lab demonstrates the use of chemical molecular behavior to isolate a particular set of molecules. Caffeine had already existed in the leaf itself but needed to be separated from the other chemicals. Caffeine’s chemical structure is relatively similar to the nucleic acid purine in that they use nitrogen and is bicyclic but lacks an alkene‚ amine and an amide. Caffeine has a solubility of
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this lab). This help us view the study of Law of Conservation of Mass‚ when either side of equation is equally balanced. The calculation for formula mass helps determine if you need to convert grams to a particular substance to moles‚ from a product. Moles are numbers that are in front of formulae. E.g.‚ 6NaCl‚ 6 is the equation for this formula. A mole would help you balance a skeleton equation‚ and also allows you to calculate how many moles are needed to take part in a chemical reaction. In the
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Andrea Negrete Abraham Lincoln High School Period 5 1/12/15 1/20/15 Partners: Nasya Aguilar LAB 1: Kinematic Equations and Reaction Time PURPOSE/QUESTION Apply kinematics equations for constant acceleration to find your reaction time. How much is it? How does reaction time change with practice? THEORETICAL The reaction time is the amount of time required to sense astimulus‚ analyze its meaning‚ and respond. Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity. Velocity is speed with direction
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Temperature and Cofactors on Enzymatic Reactions “I pledge that no unauthorized assistance has been given or received in the completion of this work. Experiments described were performed by me and/or my lab group and this write-up is entirely my own creative work.” X________________________________________ Introduction Enzymes are protein molecules that speed up the rate of reactions by reducing the activation energy of a reaction. They act as catalysts in reactions‚ increasing the rate at which
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anthracene from benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride and 9-anthraldehyde through the reaction mechanism recognized as the Wittig Reaction. The Wittig Reaction allows the chemist to synthesize phosphoranes in the lab with relative ease. A more recent and inexpensive version of the reaction is the Wittig-Horner reaction (1). ABSTRACT Georg Wittig was a German chemist and Nobel Prize winner in 1979 for the Wittig reaction (1). He was born in Berlin‚ on June 16‚ 1897‚ and died August 26‚ 1987 (1). Wittig
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