conditions as comprehensible input in a low anxiety setting. This theory relies on five hypotheses: -Acquisition/learning hypothesis: acquisition is natural and unconscious (childlike) and learning is rules based and conscious -Monitor hypothesis: conscious learningísonly function is to correct acquired language. -Natural order hypothesis: grammatical structures are acquired in a natural order. -Input hypothesis: challenging input produces fluency over time. -Affective filter hypothesis:
Free Linguistics Language acquisition
listening skills‚ even when conditions are perfect. The best methods are therefore those that supply ’comprehensible input’ in low anxiety situations‚ containing messages that students really want to hear. These methods do not force early production in the second language‚ but allow students to produce when they are ’ready’‚ recognizing that improvement comes from supplying communicative and comprehensible input‚ and not from forcing and correcting production." (6-7) Summary of Part I. Introduction: The
Free Linguistics Language acquisition Language education
Stephen Krashen 1941-Present - Born in Chicago in 1941. - Spent two years in the Peace Corps in Ethiopia where he taught eighth grade English and science. - Krashen pursued a Ph.D. in Linguistics at the University of California‚ Los Angeles‚ culminating with his 1972 dissertation "Language and the Left Hemisphere." - Took up a Ph.D. in Linguistics at the University of California‚ Los Angeles in 1972. - Joined the USC School of Education in 1994. - Published over 350 papers and books‚ and has
Free Linguistics
database. Krashen‚ S. (1988). Second language acquisition and second language learning. Upper Saddle River‚ NJ: Prentice Hall International. Swain‚ M. (1985). Communicative competence: Some roles of comprehensible input and comprehensible output in its development. In Gass‚ S.‚ & Madden‚ C. (Eds.)‚ Input in second language acquisition (pp. 235-256). Cambridge‚ MA: Newbury House Publishers. Thomas‚ W. P.‚ & Collier‚ V. P. (1995). Language minority student achievement and program effectiveness. Manuscript
Free Linguistics Language acquisition
Second Language Acquisition. An Introductory Course. Hillsdale‚ NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Gebhard‚ J.G.‚ S. Gaitan & R. Oprandy (1990) “Beyond prescription: the student teacher as investigator” in Richards and Nunan: 16-25 Klapper‚ J Krashen‚ S. (1985) The Input Hypothesis. London: Longman Krashen‚ S Long‚ M. (1996) The role of the linguistic environment in second language acquisition. In W. Richards and T. Bhatia (eds) Handbook of second language acquisition. San Diego: Academic Press Marckwardt‚ Albert D
Premium Language acquisition Linguistics Language education
producing the target language may be the trigger that forces the learner to pay attention to the means of expression needed in order to successfully convey his or her own intended meaning. (Swain 1985: 249) In Swain’s view‚ learners need not only input‚ but output: they need to use language in order to learn it. Krashen‚ however‚ as recently as 2009‚ stated that: Research done over the last three decades has shown that we acquire language by understanding what we hear and read. The ability to
Free Linguistics Language acquisition
research [Mitchell and Myles p52]. Chomsky considered “.... each language [to be] the result of two factors: the initial state and the course of experience. We can think of the initial state as a ’language acquisition device ’ that takes experience as ’input ’ and gives the language as an ’output ’ – an ’output ’ that is internally represented in the mind/brain.” [Chomsky‚ 2000 p4 quoted in Mitchell and Myles‚ p52]. He sees the acquisition of language‚ both mother tongues and second languages to be subject
Free Linguistics Language acquisition Second language acquisition
Chapter 1: First Language Acquisition 1. Theories of First Language Acquisition 1. Behavioral approaches (BA) - Behaviorism is a psychological theory of learning‚ very influential in the 1940s – 1950s‚ especially in the US. It was the popular model for all animal and human learning. (show a lemon to see the salivation reaction). - Traditional behaviorists believed that language learning is the result of imitation‚ practice‚ feedback on success‚ and habit formation. Blank slate……
Free Linguistics Language acquisition Second language acquisition
1Constructivism 2.1.2.2 Humanism 2.1.3 Teachers’ Role in Autonomous Learning 2.2 Input Theory 2.2.1 Krashen’s theory of language acquisition 2.2.2 Input hypothesis in second language aquisition 2.2.3 The language input in autonomous learning 2.3 Web-Based Language Teaching and Learning 2.3.1The development of web-based language teaching 2.3.2 web-based language learning and input thoery 2.4 Assessment in autonomous learning 2.1 A General Review on Learner
Premium Language acquisition Language education Second language acquisition
THE USE OF ROLE PLAY WITH PICTURES IN SCRIPT TO ENHANCE YEAR 3 PUPILS’ VOCABULARY By: Nurul Afifah binti Ahmad Fuad‚ Noorliza binti Abdul Razak Jabatan Bahasa-Bahasa‚ IPG Kampus Dato Razali Ismail fifaturner@gmail.com‚ noorliza@ipgmkdri.edu.my ABSTRACT Based on the reflection form the teaching and learning process during the practicum period‚ the main issue focused on pupil’s lack of vocabulary. From the document analysis and observation‚ it has been identified that some of the pupils
Premium Second language acquisition Education Language acquisition