Rational (Synoptic) Planning Theory Meaning of Rationality What do you understand by Rationality? Making decision based on reason/logic and in pursuance of one’s best interest Good judgement 2 Evolution of the RationalComprehensive Planning Model Planning Experiments in the US during the New Deal Era: Planning re-defined as a scientific process (based on scientific techniques) and not just a design activity Based on emerging Keynesian economics Key Features of the New (Scientific) Kind of Planning:
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Risk and Return: Portfolio Theory and Asset Pricing Models Portfolio Theory Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) Efficient frontier Capital Market Line (CML) Security Market Line (SML) Beta calculation Arbitrage pricing theory Fama-French 3-factor model Portfolio Theory • Suppose Asset A has an expected return of 10 percent and a standard deviation of 20 percent. Asset B has an expected return of 16 percent and a standard deviation of 40 percent. If the correlation between A and B is 0.6
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Definition of Tax Evasion: Tax evasion usually entails taxpayers deliberately misrepresenting or concealing the true state of their affairs to the tax authorities to reduce their tax liability and includes in particular dishonest tax reporting‚ such as declaring less income‚ profits or gains than actually earned or overstating deductions‚. It is an illegal practice where a person‚ organization or corporation intentionally avoids paying his/her/its true tax liability. Examples of practices which
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During my recent interview with Celeste Lopez‚ the secretary of the Spanish department at Fresno Pacific University‚ I asked what percentage of the work week she spent writing. Her response was the following‚ “I currently work on recruiting students as well as administering and expanding the services provided by the Spanish department office. This includes working to aid and offer solutions to the students and faculty at the university. These solutions range from major and financial assistance as
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A taxpayer’s average tax rate is determined by dividing the total tax paid by the total income of the taxpayer. A) True B) False Beginning in 2011‚ all paid tax return preparers must sign up with the IRS‚ pay a fee‚ and obtain a preparer tax identification number. A) True B) False 22. Taxpayers who are unable to pay their taxes may enter into a payment plan with the IRS if the amount they owe is within certain limits. A) True B) False 23. At which of the following IRS
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Tax Avoidance Analysis Tax Avoidance is a legally manipulation for the corporations to lower their tax bill by structuring transactions‚ is also called tax planning. Different with Tax Evasion‚ the Tax Evasion is Criminal and completely illegal. And in generally‚ company which have more profit should have higher tax rate‚ but with the growth of the company‚ many tax avoidance strategy were used by management as result of minimize the tax bills and also without obey the law‚ There are 3 strategies
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Conclusion 7 1. Introduction An investment is an exposure of cash that has the objective of producing cash inflows in the future. The worthiness of an investment is measured by how much cash the investment is expected to generate. The analysis of Return on Investment (ROI) is a financial forecasting tool that assists the business manager in evaluating whether a proposed investment opportunity is worthwhile within the context of the company’s business objectives and financial constraints. The investments
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an investor. b. the expected return on a risky asset. c. the expected return on a collection of risky assets. d. the variance of returns for a risky asset. e. the standard deviation of returns for a collection of risky assets. PORTFOLIO WEIGHTS 2. The percentage of a portfolio’s total value invested in a particular asset is called that asset’s: a. portfolio return. b. portfolio weight. c. portfolio risk. d. rate of return. e. investment value.
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empirical research on tax evasion‚ delineating the variety of factors affecting noncompliance and examining possible remedies. Particular emphasis is placed on the institutional and procedural rules governing the tax enforcement policy. JEL classification: K34 Keywords: Tax Enforcement‚ Compliance‚ Taxpayer’s Behavior‚ Tax Gap 1. Introduction Tax evasion is said to occur when individuals deliberately fail to comply with their tax obligations. The resulting tax revenue loss may cause
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Comprehensive 1 1. 1.ID: 310949498 A male client who lives in an area endemic with Lyme disease asks the nurse what to do if he thinks he may have been exposed. Which response should the nurse provide? A. Cover the ticks with oil to suffocate and kill them to prevent transmission. B. Look for early signs of a lesion that increases in size with a red border‚ clear center. Correct C. See a healthcare provider if nausea‚ vomiting‚ and joint pain occur after a tick bite. D. Obtain early treatment
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