LECTURE 1: BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION Adonis Yatchew yatchew@chass.utoronto.ca www.economics.utoronto.ca/yatchew 150 St. George Street‚ Room 278 © A. Yatchew 2 Energy and Environment are Fundamentally Interdisciplinary The study of energy is intrinsically interdisciplinary in nature – many disciplines inform our understanding of energy. The theoretical and applied sciences underpin the fundamental potentialities of energy and their impacts‚ both beneficial and detrimental
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To Frack or Not to Frack Hydraulic fracturing or “fracking” is the process of drilling and injecting fluid into the ground at high pressures in order to release natural gas from shale rocks by fracturing them. It takes an abundance of resources to create just one fracking well. Each gas well needs on average four hundred tanker trucks to carry water and supplies to the site. Fracking uses a great deal of water. Each fracturing job requires one to eight million gallons of water to complete it
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compounds found in natural gas is methane ethane‚ propane‚ butane‚ carbon dioxide‚ oxygen‚ nitrogen and hydrogen sulphide. The largest reserves of natural gas that are found in Australia are Gippsland Basin in Victoria‚ the Copper Basin in central Australia and towards the Northwest Shelf region of Western Australia. The range of compounds found in natural gas is methane ethane‚ propane‚ butane‚ carbon dioxide‚ oxygen‚ nitrogen and hydrogen sulphide. The largest reserves of natural gas that are found
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INDEX Sr.no Topic Page No 1 INTRODUCTION 4 2 PROBLEMS WITH CURRENT FUELS 8 3 BIOGAS 14 4 PROBLEM STATEMENT 19 5 OBJECTIVE 21 6 PROCESS DESCRIPTION 23 7 FACTOR AFFECTING BIOGAS PRODUCTION 29 8 PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM 32 9 PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM 34 10 MASS BALANCE 36 11 CALORIFIC VALUE 43 12 MECHANICAL DESIGN OF EQUIPMENTS 45 13 PRE REQUISITE FOR COSTING 60 14 COSTING AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS 68 15 CONCLUSION 73 16 REFERENCES 75
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instance‚ the production of natural gas has risen from 14% in 2009 to 47% in 2013‚ which is a dramatic increase in a 4 year time period. However‚ since the leak off of the water from fracking sites get infected‚ they head to other sources of water‚ and infect human drinking water. The fracking industry has brought mostly good things to society‚ including jobs‚ inexpensive energy‚ and economic help; however‚
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AND NATURAL GAS REGULATIONS‚ 2012 AS APPROVED BY THE CABINET SUB-COMMITTEE ON PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS ON 12.09.2012 AS APPROVED BY THE CABINET ON 13.09.2012 AS PASSED BY THE NAGALAND LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY ON 22.09.2012 WHEREAS the Nagaland Legislative Assembly‚ in exercise of its powers under article 371-A (1) (a) of the Constitution of India‚ had unanimously passed a Resolution on the 26th July‚ 2010 rendering inter alia all Acts of Parliament governing petroleum and natural gas inapplicable
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United States is home to what some estimate to be the largest known shale gas reserves in the world. Often referred to as the “bridge fuel” that‚ according to the oil and gas industry‚ will aid in the country’s energy transition from coal and oil to renewable sources like wind and solar power. Natural gas now fuels nearly 40 percent of the country’s electricity generation and the use of the gas is becoming very popular. Natural gas use has soared in recent years‚ but so has the controversy surrounding
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global warming is a natural occurrence for our planet‚ and doesn’t really exist. While others argue that human activities is causing global warming. Global warming is caused by many things such as pollution that is damaging our environment. The causes are split up into two groups. There are the natural or anthropogenic causes‚ and then there is the man-made human activity that causes damage to our Earth more. Some people believe that the natural causes are a release of methane gas from arctic tundra
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ethical decision making criteria. BACKGROUND – Hydraulic Fracturing Hydraulic fracturing is a technology used in the oil and gas industry in order extract fossil fuels used as a source of energy. The technology has been in use since the 1940’s‚ and has been used in at an industrial level since the 1990s. Although Canada is in possession of an abundance of natural gas resources‚
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yearly water consumption of 40 to 80 cities each with a population of 50‚000. This water is infused with chemicals that seep back into our groundwater and contaminate our water supplies. Hydraulic fracturing is a process used to extract the earth’s natural gas from shale formation found throughout the United States. The largest shale formation in the United States is the Marcellus Shale which is located
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